Contemporary human papillomavirus genotyping and correlations to peniscopy, cytology, and histopatology on over 1000 males.

Objectives: To explore male human papillomavirus (HPV) contemporary genotyping epidemiology and correlations to peniscopy, cytology, and histopatology.

Methods: Medical records of patients who had been submitted to HPV infection screening with genotyping, peniscopy, cytology, and histopathology in a period of 2 years were reviewed. Frequency analysis and correlations between the diagnostic tools were established.

DLK1 Is a Novel Link Between Reproduction and Metabolism.

Background: Delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1), also called preadipocyte factor 1, prevents adipocyte differentiation and has been considered a molecular gatekeeper of adipogenesis. A DLK1 complex genomic defect was identified in five women from a single family with central precocious puberty (CPP) and increased body fat percentage.

Methods: We studied 60 female patients with a diagnosis of CPP or history of precocious menarche.

The Complex Interaction Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hereditary Angioedema: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.

Importance: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare but severe disease, with high risk of death, and attacks have been associated to high estrogen levels. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hyperandrogenic condition, which is frequently treated with combined oral contraceptives.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe 2 clinical cases of young women diagnosed as having PCOS who developed HAE attacks after the introduction of combined estrogen-progestin pills to treat PCOS symptoms.

May Sonic Hedgehog proteins be markers for malignancy in uterine smooth muscle tumors?

Several studies have demonstrated that the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway (SHH) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation. We analyzed the protein expression of SHH pathway components and evaluated whether their profile could be useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction of the risk of malignancy for uterine smooth muscle tumors (USMTs). A total of 176 samples (20 myometrium, 119 variants of leiomyoma, and 37 leiomyosarcoma) were evaluated for the protein expression of the SHH signaling components, HHIP1 (SHH inhibitor), and BMP4 (SHH target) by immunohistochemistry.

Heterotopic ovarian transplantation results in less apoptosis than orthotopic transplantation in a minipig model.

Background: Ovarian autotransplantation has shown increasing promise as a clinical method for the preservation of fertility and hormonal function. However, information regarding the success rate of this type of transplantation is limited. We hypothesized that results vary according to the site of the ovarian transplantation.

Single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy: preliminary results.

Objective: to describe the initial results of a laparoscopic single port access hysterectomy and also to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this access.

Methods: a prospective study was performed at a tertiary university medical center (Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo) between March 2013 and June 2014. A total of 20 women, referred for hysterectomy due to benign uterine disease, were included in the study after they had signed an informed consent.

Effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin and prolactin receptor expression of murine adrenal.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin (PRL) and prolactin receptor's (PRLR) expression in the adrenal. For this purpose, a total of 12 animals with intact ovaries were allocated to two groups: G1 (saline solution) and G2 (metoclopramide). A total of 30 oophorectomized animals was randomized to five subgroups: G3 (saline solution), G4 (metoclopramide), G5 (metoclopramide + 17β-estradiol), G6 (metoclopramide + progesterone), and G7 (metoclopramide + 17β-estradiol + progesterone).

Differences in neonatal exposure to estradiol or testosterone on ovarian function and hormonal levels.

Exposure to an excess of androgen or estrogen can induce changes in reproductive function in adult animals that resemble polycystic ovary syndrome in humans. However, considerable differences exist among several types of animal models. Little is known about the molecular features of steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in the ovaries of rats exposed to different sex steroids as neonates.

The clinical, structural, and biological features of neovaginas: a comparison of the Frank and the McIndoe techniques.

Objective: To compare two methods of neovagina construction, the Frank and McIndoe techniques, in terms of structural and biological aspects.

Study Design: A total of 55 subjects were included in this retrospective study: 43 underwent the Frank technique (FT) and 12 underwent the McIndoe technique (MT). A clinical evaluation and a comparison of the structural (color, shine, presence of hair, and histology) and biological (bacteriological, pH, and hormonal determinations) features were performed.

Systematic review of cell adhesion molecules and estrogen receptor expression in the endometrium of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could be related to many mechanisms including endometrial factors.

Objectives: To review cell adhesion molecule and estrogen receptor expression in the endometrium.

Search Strategy: A systematic review was performed of the Medline and Cochrane databases for papers published in any language between 2004 and 2014.

The progesterone and estrogen modify the uterine prolactin and prolactin receptor expression of hyperprolactinemic mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia on the prolactin (PRL) and PRL receptor's expression in the uterus of mice. For this purpose, 49 Swiss mice were divided into the following groups: GrSS (non-ovariectomized mice given vehicle); GrMET (non-ovariectomized mice treated with metoclopramide); OvSS (ovariectomized mice given vehicle); OvMET (ovariectomized mice treated with metoclopramide); OvMET+17βE (ovariectomized mice treated with metoclopramide and 17β estradiol); OvMET+MP (ovariectomized mice treated with metoclopramide and micronized progesterone); OvMET+17βE+MP (ovariectomized mice treated with metoclopramide and a solution of 17β estradiol and micronized progesterone). Immunohistochemical analyzes were evaluated semi-quantitatively.

Trp28Arg/Ile35Thr LHB gene variants are associated with elevated testosterone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder, of multifactorial etiology, which affects 6-10% of women of reproductive age. It is considered the leading cause of anovulatory infertility, menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism in this population. The genetic basis of PCOS is still largely unknown despite significant family clustering; determining its mode of inheritance is particularly difficult given the heterogenic presentation of the disease.

Triple-negative and luminal A breast tumors: differential expression of miR-18a-5p, miR-17-5p, and miR-20a-5p.

New concepts in epigenetics, microRNAs, and gene expression analysis have significantly enhanced knowledge of cancer pathogenesis over the last decade. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing with target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), resulting in the repression of translation or the degradation of mRNA. To compare the carcinogenic process in tumors with different prognoses, we used real-time RT-PCR to evaluate the miRNA expression profiles of 24 triple-negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma, 20 luminal A breast invasive ductal carcinoma, and 13 normal breast parenchyma controls.

Females transplanted with ovaries subjected to hypoxic preconditioning show impair of ovarian function.

Background: Cryopreservation of the ovarian tissue has shown promising results. However, there remain controversial issues such as the short half-life of grafts. In this aspect, there are some evidences that preconditioning the ovarian tissue before transplantation is beneficial.

Association of glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms with clinical and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with clinical and metabolic profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine disease that affects 5-8% of women and may be associated with metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cortisol action and dysregulation account for metabolic syndrome development in the general population.

Metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia effects on the pituitary and uterine prolactin receptor expression.

Unlabelled: In this work we have evaluated the gene expression profile of prolactin and prolactin receptor in the pituitary and the uterus of female mice with metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia treated with estrogen and/or progesterone. For this purpose, 49 Swiss female mice were allocated to seven groups.

Interventions: 50-day treatment with metoclopramide, progesterone and estrogen.

Physiotherapeutic approach in early and late post-menopausal Brazilian women.

To evaluate changes in joints after physiotherapy in post-menopausal women, specifically to identify clinical responses to the measurements of flexibility, functional capacity and joint pain in early and late post-menopausal women at a multi-disciplinary health education programme. A total of 69 women participated in the Integral Program for the Attention to Climacteric Women at the Department of Gynecology - Federal University of Sao Paulo and were sorted into two groups of early (n = 32) and late (n = 37) post-menopause. The average age of menopause was 47.

Androgen receptor gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism. Its etiopathology is not well understood but genetic factors seem to have a role. Polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been associated with different androgen pattern diseases.

[Morphology of the interstitial cells of rat polycystic ovaries: an experimental study].

Purposes: To evaluate the histomorphometry of ovarian interstitial cells, as well as the blood sex steroid concentrations of female rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous light.

Methods: Twenty female rats were divided into two groups: Control Group - in the estrous phase (CtrlG), and a group of rats with polycystic ovaries induced by continuous illumination (POG). CtrlG animals were maintained on a light period from 07:00 a.

A comparison of CA125, HE4, risk ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), and risk malignancy index (RMI) for the classification of ovarian masses.

Objective: Differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms is essential for creating a system for patient referrals. Therefore, the contributions of the tumor markers CA125 and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as well as the risk ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) and risk malignancy index (RMI) values were considered individually and in combination to evaluate their utility for establishing this type of patient referral system.

Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with ovarian masses through imaging analyses (n = 128) were assessed for their expression of the tumor markers CA125 and HE4.

Influence of LH and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) on metformin response in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: To search for predictors of metformin response in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through a detailed analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters.

Study Design: We designed a prospective study to investigate clinical and laboratory parameters to search for predictors of metformin response in women with PCOS. A total of 53 PCOS patients were given metformin 850 mg twice a day for 6 months, after which patients were classified as responders or non-responders.

Development of an animal model for endometrial ablation using trichloroacetic acid.

Objective: To develop an animal model of endometrial ablation, and to evaluate the histologic effects of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in the uterine cavity.

Design: Experimental prospective.

Setting: Department of gynecology.