Climate change and disturbance interact to alter landscape reflectivity (albedo) in boreal forests across a large latitudinal gradient in Siberia.

Boreal forests form the largest terrestrial biome globally. Climate change is expected to induce large changes in vegetation of high latitude ecosystems, but there is considerable uncertainty about where, when, and how those changes will occur. Such vegetation change produces major feedback to the climate system, including by modifying albedo (reflectivity).

Advancing community health worker models to support youth and families' mental health.

Community health workers (CHWs) have demonstrated effectiveness in delivering EBTs; however, the integration of CHWs in the U.S. mental health system remains limited.

National centralization of Hirschsprung's disease in Sweden: a comparison of postoperative outcome.

Background: In Sweden, surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) was centralized from four to two pediatric surgery centers 1st of July 2018. In adults, centralization of surgical care for complex or rare diseases seems to improve quality of care. There is little evidence supporting centralization of pediatric surgical care.

Pre-implementation determinants for digital mental health integration in Chicago pediatric primary care.

Objective: Pediatric primary care (PPC) is a common treatment site for pediatric mental health, but it is currently unable to meet the needs of all teen patients, particularly those with minoritized identities and/or marginalized experiences. Digital mental health (DMH) low-intensity treatments (LITs) can increase mental health screening and care capacity in PPC, but how this is done successfully without burdening providers, patients, or families is unclear. This paper presents a pre-implementation study aimed at understanding the implementation context (PPCs in Chicago, IL) for a specific DMH LIT.

Antroduodenal manometry findings in children with suspected pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

Background: In 2018 diagnostic criteria for pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) were established. Neuromuscular dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract is one of these, and often examined through antroduodenal manometry (ADM). There is little data on antroduodenal manometries in children.

Validation and three years of clinical experience in using an artificial intelligence algorithm as a second read system for prostate cancer diagnosis-real-world experience.

Background: Prostate cancer ranks as the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in the USA, with significant mortality rates. Early detection is pivotal for optimal patient outcomes, providing increased treatment options and potentially less invasive interventions. There remain significant challenges in prostate cancer histopathology, including the potential for missed diagnoses due to pathologist variability and subjective interpretations.

Simulating Z_{2} lattice gauge theory on a quantum computer.

The utility of quantum computers for simulating lattice gauge theories is currently limited by the noisiness of the physical hardware. Various quantum error mitigation strategies exist to reduce the statistical and systematic uncertainties in quantum simulations via improved algorithms and analysis strategies. We perform quantum simulations of Z_{2} gauge theory with matter to study the efficacy and interplay of different error mitigation methods: readout error mitigation, randomized compiling, rescaling, and dynamical decoupling.

Sex Differences in Pancreatic β-Cell Physiology and Glucose Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice.

The importance of sexual dimorphism has been highlighted in recent years since the National Institutes of Health's mandate on considering sex as a biological variable. Although recent studies have taken strides to study both sexes side by side, investigations into the normal physiological differences between males and females are limited. In this study, we aimed to characterized sex-dependent differences in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell physiology in normal conditions using C57BL/6J mice, the most common mouse strain used in metabolic studies.

High risk HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in a Puerto Rican population.

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer, the fourth most common cause of death in women in the United States (US). Several major screening clinical trials have demonstrated that high risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA primary screen is more sensitive at determining the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia level 3 or higher (CIN ≥ 3) than cytology alone and is similar to co-testing. In this cross-sectional study, we characterized a Hispanic population of 18,052 women ages 21-70 years with HR-HPV DNA testing and cytology to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in the population and determine the likelihood of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).

Comparative analysis of onychomycosis in Puerto Rico using molecular and conventional approaches.

Onychomycosis is the most prevalent nail ailment in adults, accounting for 50% of all nail infections. Dermatophyte fungi are the primary cause, but non-dermatophyte molds (NDM) and yeasts can also cause onychomycosis. It remains important to precisely determine the fungal cause of onychomycosis since the response to current treatments may vary between fungal classes.

Germline BRCA-Mutated HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: Overcoming Challenges in Genetic Testing and Clinical Considerations When Using Talazoparib.

Genetic testing is essential to the diagnosis and management of patients with breast cancer. For example, women who carry mutations in BRCA1/2 genes have an increased lifetime risk of breast cancer and the presence of these mutations may sensitize the patient to treatment with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Two PARP inhibitors are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients with germline BRCA-mutated advanced breast cancer (olaparib and talazoparib).

Supporting DACA recipients and international students pursuing careers in medicine: A pilot program for advisors.

The United States (U.S.) health professions are becoming more invested in diversity.

What is the role of disturbance in catalyzing spatial shifts in forest composition and tree species biomass under climate change?

Mounting evidence suggests that climate change will cause shifts of tree species range and abundance (biomass). Abundance changes under climate change are likely to occur prior to a detectable range shift. Disturbances are expected to directly affect tree species abundance and composition, and could profoundly influence tree species spatial distribution within a geographical region.

Autistic Adult Perspectives on Occupational Therapy for Autistic Children and Youth.

The Autistic community values neurodiversity-positive approaches rather than behavioral interventions for Autistic children; however, little is known about what that would look like in occupational therapy. Frequently, researchers seek parent perspectives for understanding Autistic children's preferences, while to date insufficient attention has been paid to Autistic adults as valuable informants on the Autistic experience of Autistic children. The objective of the study was to understand Autistic adult perspectives on pediatric occupational therapy for Autistic children.

Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors.

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector.

Footprint evidence of early hominin locomotor diversity at Laetoli, Tanzania.

Bipedal trackways discovered in 1978 at Laetoli site G, Tanzania and dated to 3.66 million years ago are widely accepted as the oldest unequivocal evidence of obligate bipedalism in the human lineage. Another trackway discovered two years earlier at nearby site A was partially excavated and attributed to a hominin, but curious affinities with bears (ursids) marginalized its importance to the paleoanthropological community, and the location of these footprints fell into obscurity.

Anatomy and evolution of a DNA replication origin.

DNA amplification occurs at the DNA puff II/9A locus in the fungus fly Sciara coprophila. As a foundation to study the molecular mechanism for the initiating events of II/9A DNA re-replication, we have sequenced 14 kb spanning a DNase hypersensitive site (DHS) upstream of the 1 kb amplification origin and through transcription units II/9-1 and II/9-2 downstream of the origin. These elements are annotated as well as the ORC binding site at the origin and the transition point (TP) between continuous and discontinuous DNA syntheses that marks the origin of bidirectional replication at the nucleotide level.

Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection.

Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object.

The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales.

Point absorbers in Advanced LIGO.

Small, highly absorbing points are randomly present on the surfaces of the main interferometer optics in Advanced LIGO. The resulting nanometer scale thermo-elastic deformations and substrate lenses from these micron-scale absorbers significantly reduce the sensitivity of the interferometer directly though a reduction in the power-recycling gain and indirect interactions with the feedback control system. We review the expected surface deformation from point absorbers and provide a pedagogical description of the impact on power buildup in second generation gravitational wave detectors (dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson interferometers).

Engaging Parents in Mental Health Services: A Qualitative Study of Community Health Workers' Strategies in High Poverty Urban Communities.

Empirical engagement-promoting strategies in child and family mental health services have been identified largely within the context of clinic-based services delivered by mental health professionals. However, the magnitude of unmet youth mental health need necessitates expanding the scope of mental health services, and the associated engagement strategies, beyond traditional models and service providers. The present study aimed to extend our understanding of engagement strategies to a school-based mental health service model, using a community health worker (CHW) workforce implementing an early intervention program with parents and school-aged children (K-4) in high poverty urban communities.

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) regulates pancreatic α-cell function in mice.

The nutrient sensor O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) catalyzes posttranslational addition of O-GlcNAc onto target proteins, influencing signaling pathways in response to cellular nutrient levels. OGT is highly expressed in pancreatic glucagon-secreting cells (α-cells), which secrete glucagon in response to hypoglycemia. The objective of this study was to determine whether OGT is necessary for the regulation of α-cell mass and function in vivo.