Prediction and Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of SiC-Reinforced Ti-4.25Al-2V Matrix Composites Produced by Laser Direct Energy Deposition.

An important direction in the development of additive technologies is associated with the addition of ceramic particles (oxide, carbide, boride, and nitride ceramics) to metal powders. The prediction of the physical and mechanical characteristics of SiC-particle-reinforced composite materials (PRCMs) in comparison with experimental results was studied. A near-α Ti-4.

[Large foreign bodies inside the orbit and maxillary sinus (clinical observation)].

The great variety of orbital traumas can surprise and challenge specialists attempting to cure its consequences with the best possible outcome. This article presents a clinical case of a patient diagnosed with cicatricial deformity of the free edge and trichiasis of the upper eyelid in the lateral angle area, keratopathy, enophthalmos on the left side; posttraumatic defect of the inferior orbital wall; multiple foreign bodies in the orbit and maxillary sinus on the left side. Patient examination included conventional ophthalmological study methods, as well as multislice computed tomography with 3D-reconstruction.

[Morphological evaluation of orbital implants in postenucleation reconstruction (an experimental study)].

Unlabelled: About 12 thousand surgeries for eyeball removal are performed every year in the Russian Federation. Formation of the supporting stump and implantation of the proper orbital implant is essential for successful cosmetic prosthesis.

Purpose: Comparison of materials biocompatibility, design of different orbital implants and morphological condition of formed postenucleation stumps in an experiment.

[The experience of interdisciplinary interaction in elimination of midface deformation (clinical observation)].

Fibrous dysplasia is a hamartoma appearing as a benign pathologic process in which normal bone tissue formation is replaced by overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue. The problem of diagnosis and treatment of patients with fibrous dysplasia remains unsolved in the absence of a uniform understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis. Treatment and rehabilitation of patients with midface fibrous dysplasia is a complicated medico-social problem, which requires interaction of specialists of different fields to resolve it.

[Treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy in combined lesions of the trigeminal and facial nerves].

Ocular symptomatology in lesions of the facial nerve is associated with disturbed innervation of the circular muscle of the eye that leads to disruption of the protective function of the eyelids and the development of exposure symptoms, and is accompanied by a breach in corneal tear film integrity. The main clinical manifestation of the trigeminal nerve damage is the loss of sensory innervation of the cornea and disruption of the supply of neurotransmitters to its cells, manifesting as corneal hypo- or anesthesia. This triggers a cascade of pathological processes that lead to the development of neurotrophic keratopathy.

Effect of Elevated Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of a Direct Laser Deposited Ti-6Al-4V.

In the present work, the mechanical properties of the DLD-processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy were obtained by tensile tests performed at different temperatures, ranging from 20 °C to 800 °C. Thereby, the process conditions were close to the conditions used to produce large-sized structures using the DLD method, resulting in specimens having the same initial martensitic microstructure. According to the obtained stress curves, the yield strength decreases gradually by 40% when the temperature is increased to 500 °C.

Features of Heat Treatment the Ti-6Al-4V GTD Blades Manufactured by DLD Additive Technology.

Additive manufacturing of titanium alloys is one of the fastest growing areas of 3D metal printing. The use of AM methods for parts production in the aviation industry is especially promising. During the deposition of products with differently sized cross-sections, the thermal history changes, which leads to non-uniformity of the structure and properties.

Issues of rehabilitation of the patients with symblepharon using oral mucosal autografts.

Purpose: To systematize clinical variants of symblepharon and to analyze rehabilitation availability boundaries in patients with different forms of symblepharons.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical cases included 26 patients with local, subtotal, and total symblepharon (ankyloblepharon) with a normal or anophthalmic orbit. In all patients, symblepharon was operated using split- or full-thickness oral mucosal autografts and their fixation with U-shaped stitches and compression plates.

A Novel Method for Complex Diagnostics of Globes' Position.

Spiral computed tomography is a gold standard in diagnostics of intraorbital pathological changes. Modern software provides great opportunities at viewing and analyzing DICOM files. Earlier, the authors introduced a method of computed exophthalmometry for precise measurement of globes' position even in the cases of lateral orbital rim fracture.

[Experimental justification of the use of a polymeric implant in reconstructive and regenerative surgery of the sclera and tarsal plate].

Introduction: Congenital and acquired diseases, as well as traumatic injuries of the sclera and tarsal plate can lead to serious complications up to the complete loss of visual functions and loss of the eye as an organ if not treated timely. Due to that, it becomes necessary to use biological and synthetic materials during reconstructive and regenerative surgeries to replace the defects and reinforce the carcass properties of the sclera and tarsal plate.

Purpose: To compare experimental and morphological features of the response of the eye and surrounding tissues to implantation of the synthetic polymeric implant for reconstructive and regenerative surgery (PERRS) 'Reperen-6' and biological xenopericardium implant taken from cattle on the sclera in animal experiment.

[Computer technologies in diagnostics and treatment of worsening post-enucleation socket syndrome].

Unlabelled: Enucleation with primary orbital implantation and the use of ocular prosthesis does not exclude the risk of post-enucleation socket syndrome (PESS). Correction of such conditions requires modern visualization methods and software for calculation, modelling and control of the surgery.

Purpose: To demonstrate the capabilities of modern computer technologies in diagnostics and treatment of patients with worsening post-enucleation enophthalmos.

[Clinical forms of ocular dirofilariasis].

The prevalence of dirofilariasis in Russian Federation has been increasing in recent years. Diagnosis of ocular dirofilariasis is difficult due to polymorphism of its clinical manifestations. Systematized data on this disease in literature is virtually absent.

[Ophthalmic manifestations of facial nerve palsy].

Facial nerve palsy is a common pathology that develops due to various diseases, traumas and medical interventions. The most common peripheral type of facial paralysis leads to acute unilateral involvement of facial muscles along with the development of paralytic lagophthalmos. The absence of adequate and timely medical treatment in patients with paralytic lagophthalmos can lead to severe corneal complications such as cornea perforation causing loss of eye and consequently restricted professional ability, work capacity and significant decrease of patient's life quality.

[Exophthalmometry with computed tomography].

Unlabelled: Bone abnormalities of orbit seen in patients with trauma or radiolesion are accompanied by enophthalmos or exophthalmos. Conventional measurements of eyeball protrusion with Hertel's exophthalmometer or with computed tomography do not provide accurate and reliable data, especially in patients with asymmetry of lateral orbital rims.

Purpose: To develop a method of computed exophthalmometry that provides accurate and reliable measurements in patients with various orbital conditions.

In Vitro Modeling of Co-Transplantation of Multipotent Stromal Mesenchymal Cells from Orbital Fat Pad and Lipoaspirate of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Organ Culture in Collagen Gel.

The interplay of multipotent stromal cells derived from the orbital fat pads and cells of the lipoaspirate from the subcutaneous adipose tissue was studied using in vitro co-transplantation model in an organ culture in a collagen gel. Microscopy findings and intensity of apoptosis and cell proliferation in cultures of lipoaspirate with and without multipotent stromal cells showed that the cells maintained their viability, proliferation capacity, and cytokine secretion activity. Higher proliferatitive activity of cells in cocultures promotes renewal of fat transplant cells and can help to maintain its stable volume in delayed terms after transplantation.

Computed exophthalmometry is an accurate and reproducible method for the measuring of eyeballs' protrusion.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess reproducibility of the repeated measurements from proposed computed exophthalmometry and to make a comparison with the Hertel exophthalmometer.

Methods: Computed tomography scans of patients with pathological (group 1) and intact orbits (group 2) were included in this retrospective study. In both groups, a single investigator measured a difference of eyeballs' protrusion using the proposed method of computed exophthalmometry.

Comparison of Morphology of Adipose Body of the Orbit and Subcutaneous Fat in Humans.

We compared histological structure of the orbital and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Quantitative morphometry showed that the mean diameter of adipocytes and their volume density in the orbital adipose tissue were significantly lower than in the subcutaneous fat, while volume density of vessels and elements of the connective tissue in the orbital adipose tissue was higher. Previously known and revealed here differences in the structure of orbital and subcutaneous adipose tissue do not answer the question, whether subcutaneous adipose tissue can be used for replacement of the orbital tissue deficit.

[Staged complex treatment of paralytic lagophthalmos (case report)].

Paralytic lagophthalmos, resulting from facial nerve palsy, is a difficult medical and social issue that requires cooperation of different specialists. Complications that arise in paralytic lagophthalmos may cause significant vision loss and even eye loss. Various techniques of paralytic lagophthalmos correction are used to protect the cornea and restore eyelid anatomy and functions.

[Orbital Adipose Tissue: Just a Fat Pad or Terra Incognita in Ophthalmology].

Our understanding of the role of adipose tissue has been completely changed during the past decades. The knowledge of its contribution to endocrine and immune pathways opened the new insights on the pathogenesis and therapy of many diseases and new perspectives for the regenerative medicine. The further researches should be provided to study anatomy and functions of local fat depots in more details.

[Technology of new methods for adaptation of skin flaps, by using compression plates during reparative operations in the eyelid area and its adjacent tissues].

Oligocarbonate methacrylate-based hexahedral compression plates (CPs) are proposed for adjustment of wound edges and skin grafts during reconstructive operations in the eyelid area and its adjacent tissues. A hundred and twenty-eight reparative operations in the eyelid and its adjacent tissues, by employing various plastic repairs, were analyzed to make a clinical evaluation of the efficiency of the soft tissue adjustment technique, by applying CPs. The CPs proposed for the adjustment of wound edges and skin grafts to the adjacent tissues were used in 70% of cases.

Genetic stability of cold-adapted A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) influenza virus: sequence analysis of live cold-adapted reassortant vaccine strains before and after replication in children.

We previously reported that the A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) cold-adapted virus (A/Len/47) used in preparing reassortant live attenuated vaccines for children acquired 14 (11 coding) mutations in genes coding for proteins other than haemagglutinin and neuraminidase during cold-adaptation. Preservation of these mutations in genomes of viruses isolated from children on the second, fifth, or eighth day after vaccination was examined by sequence analysis. The sequence data demonstrated that all nine coding mutations selected for examination were conserved in the genomes of all 11 strains investigated, indicating that the mutations accompanying cold-adaptation and attenuation of the A/Len/47 master vaccine are highly stable.

[Role of individual genes in expression of phenotypic properties of the cold-adapted strain A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2)-a donor of attenuation of live influenza vaccine].

The influenza A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) (A/Len/47) cold-adapted virus expresses the ability to reproduce at 25 degrees C (the ca phenotype) and inability to reproduce at 40 degrees C (the ts phenotype). It was attenuated for mice. Reassortants of this donor virus with the genes coding for the surface glycoproteins from the epidemic viruses, i.

[The inoculation properties of live recombinant influenza vaccine types A and B used separately and jointly in children 3 to 14].

The reactogenicity and immunizing activity of vaccine influenza virus A (H1N1) and B strains used as mono- and bi-preparations in children of 3 to 14 years was studied. No increased reactogenicity after the use of bivaccine was observed in the children. Febrile reactions as well as 9 other clinical symptoms which could indicate the reactogenicity of the vaccines were identical for mono- and bivaccine and corresponded to the requirements of the technical documents for the vaccine.

[Genetic basis for construction of the life influenza type A vaccine using temperature-sensitive mutants].

Published data and authors' original material on the use of temperaturesensitive influenza virus mutants (ts) as donors in attenuation process aimed at obtaining the recombinant live influenza vaccines (LIV) are reviewed. The so called cold adapted ts donors are shown to be superior for this aim. The data are presented in the review on the association of the mutations in the genome of cold adapted donors with attenuation, on the reactivity, immunogenicity and genetical stability of the recombinant LIVs constructed on the basis of the cold adapted donors.

[The ts phenotype of reisolates from children inoculated with live cold-adapted influenza vaccine type A].

Using mutants of fowl plague virus (FRV) which have single temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in some genes, an analysis was carried out on reisolates from children of 3-6 years, vaccinated with a monovaccine from recombinant strains of influenza type A virus. The recombinants were obtained by crossing of current epidemic strains of subtypes A (HINI) and a (H3N2) with the cold-adapted (XA) ts-donor of attenuation A/Leningrad/134/47/57 (H2N2) from which they, as a rule, inherited 5 ts-mutations in genes 1 (PB2), 2 (PB1), 5 (NP), 7 (M), and 8 (NS). All the reisolates were shown to retain the ts-phenotype.