In vivo early human dental plaque formation on different supporting substances. A scanning electron microscopic and bacteriological study.

Different studies have shown that various substances may have an influence on early human dental plaque formation. The purpose of the present study was to compare on tooth substances and supporting prosthetic materials the amount of plaque deposition by SEM and the quantity of selected bacteria using anaerobic culturing techniques. 5 bridges, replacing a missing molar or premolar, were incorporated in 3 patients.

Changes in subgingival microbiota during puberty. A 4-year longitudinal study.

It was the purpose of the present investigation to monitor the composition of the subgingival microbiota at selected sites in individuals passing through puberty and to correlate observed changes with the development of pubertal maturation. Between the ages of 11 and 14 years, pubertal and skeletal maturation was monitored annually in 22 boys and 20 girls. During this time, subgingival microbial samples were taken every 4th to 5th month (10 times in 4 years) mesially of the upper first molars.

Microbial changes associated with the development of puberty gingivitis.

In this study, longitudinal changes in the composition of the subgingival microbiota of children between the ages of 11 and 14 and their association with changes of clinical parameters describing gingival health were investigated. During 4 years, subgingival microbial samples were taken in 22 boys and 20 girls 10 times. At the same time the gingival bleeding tendency was recorded by the Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI).

Gingival health and gingivitis development during puberty. A 4-year longitudinal study.

The purpose of this investigation was to follow the development of the gingival conditions during puberty and to correlate oral clinical parameters with chronological age as well as with parameters used for the determination of the pubertal development. In 22 boys and 20 girls pubertal and skeletal development, as well as plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were monitored at 1-year intervals between the ages of 11 and 15 years. During this time, the papillary bleeding index (PBI) was assessed 10 times in all interdental spaces of the dentition.

Reproducibility of microscopic and cultural data in repeated subgingival plaque samples.

In association studies, micro-organisms can only be recognized as suspects for playing a major rôle in the development of a pathological environment, if their destructive action goes along with a marked proportional increase of their numbers or if their first detection can be related to the clinical onset of the disease. Limitations in the reproducibility of repeated samples have to be taken into account, when changes of the microbial composition of subgingival environments are to be studied, and when local clinical changes are to be related to shifts in the composition of the pertaining microbiological compartment. To study reproducibility, a total of 109 sites was sampled repeatedly with sterile paperpoints at an interval of 7 to 10 days in 24 patients suffering from periodontal disease and 12 edentulous patients wearing successful and failing osseointegrated titanium implants.

Treatment of recurrent periodontal disease by root planing and Ornidazole (Tiberal). Clinical and microbiological findings.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of Ornidazole as an adjunct to root planing in the therapy of patients suffering from recurrent periodontal disease. In 10 individuals who had previously been treated with scaling, root planing and periodontal surgery and who had followed a regular maintenance program including recall visits every 3-5 months for 1-7 years, 2 sites with recurrent periodontitis and 1 shallow site were selected. Reinfected sites had a record of losing clinical attachment of more than 3 mm since the completion of initial therapy, were bleeding upon probing and had a mean pocket probing depth of 7.

Combined antibiotic (metronidazole) and mechanical treatment effects on the subgingival bacterial flora of sites with recurrent periodontal disease.

5 patients in maintenance, 1-3 years after periodontal therapy who showed sites with reinfected pockets and bleeding despite regular recall visits were selected. Darkfield microscopy from 3 sites in each patient showed an average of 41% spirochetes and 21% motile rods. Probing depths ranged from 7 to 9 mm and loss of clinical attachment from 6 to 13 mm in these sites.

Microbiological and clinical effects of chlorhexidine digluconate and hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on developing plaque and gingivitis.

While the ability of chlorhexidine (CHX) to prevent plaque formation and inhibit the development of gingivitis has been well documented in the literature, the therapeutic value of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in preventing gingivitis is in dispute. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological effects of an established therapeutic agent, such as chlorhexidine with that of H2O2 in the experimental gingivitis model. Following a period of stringent oral hygiene, 32 subjects were allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups which were balanced on the basis of their pre-experimental gingivitis scores.

Clinical and microbiological effects of fixed orthodontic appliances.

The purpose of this clinical and microbiological study was to evaluate longitudinally the changes occurring in the subgingival microbiota in children following the placement of orthodontic bands in the absence of a prophylactic oral hygiene program. A total of 12 children in the age between 10 and 15 years were selected for the study. The experimental group (E) consisted of 6 subjects scheduled for orthodontic treatment including the placement of fixed appliances.

Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease?

Bleeding on probing (BOP) is a widely used criterion to diagnose gingival inflammation. The purpose of the present retrospective study was to evaluate its prognostic value in identifying sites at risk for periodontal breakdown during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. 55 patients who had been treated for advanced periodontitis participated in a recall system for at least 4 years, at regular intervals of 3-5 months.

Cultivable microflora of plaque from full denture bases and adjacent palatal mucosa.

Anaerobic cultural techniques and rapid biochemical identification tests normally employed for periodontal plaque were utilized for the analysis of plaque samples taken from denture bases and corresponding adjacent mucosa. Results were compared with those or more comprehensive microbiological investigations. Forty four samples were obtained from the denture bases and adjacent palatal mucosa of 12 patients wearing full upper dentures.

Periodontal conditions in adolescents with cleft lip, alveolus and palate following treatment in a co-ordinated team approach.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the oral hygiene habits and the periodontal conditions of a group of cleft lip, alveolus and palate patients at the end of a longitudinal multidisciplinary treatment. From a total of 120 patients who had been supervised at the University of Berne, Clinic for Pediatric Surgery for at least 18 years in a co-ordinated team approach, 80 were selected on the basis of availability. Plaque control record (PCR), calculus index (CI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), pocket probing depth (PD), loss of attachment (LA) and furcation involvement were recorded.

Oxygen tension (pO2) in untreated human periodontal pockets.

The purpose of this study was to assess the oxygen tension in untreated human periodontal pockets and test the hypothesis that the subgingival environmental is anaerobic in nature. Twenty-six patients with advanced chronic inflammatory periodontal disease participated. A total of 111 untreated pockets, 5 to 10 mm in depth, were selected for the pO2 measurements.