The β-adrenergic receptor agonist formoterol attenuates necrosis and apoptosis in the rat myocardium under experimental stress-induced cardiac injury.

Background: Currently, there is no effective therapy for takotsubo syndrome (stress-induced cardiac injury in humans) in the clinics. It has previously been shown that β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist formoterol reduces cardiomyocyte injury in experimental takotsubo syndrome.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether formoterol prevents apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in stress-induced cardiomyopathy.

Do platelets protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury or exacerbate cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury? The role of PDGF, VEGF, and PAF.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of death. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop new approaches for treatment of AMI.

Objective: This review analyzes data on the role of platelets in the regulation of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

Angiotensin 1-7 increases cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion and mitigates adverse remodeling of the heart-The signaling mechanism.

Background: The high mortality rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most pressing issue of modern cardiology. Over the past 10 years, there has been no significant reduction in mortality among patients with AMI. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop fundamentally new drugs for the treatment of AMI.

Ferroptosis, a Regulated Form of Cell Death, as a Target for the Development of Novel Drugs Preventing Ischemia/Reperfusion of Cardiac Injury, Cardiomyopathy and Stress-Induced Cardiac Injury.

The hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is about 6% and has not decreased in recent years. The leading cause of death of these patients is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create new drugs for the treatment of STEMI based on knowledge about the pathogenesis of I/R cardiac injury, in particular, based on knowledge about the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis.

A historical literature review of coronary microvascular obstruction and intra-myocardial hemorrhage as functional/structural phenomena.

The analysis of experimental data demonstrates that platelets and neutrophils are involved in the no-reflow phenomenon, also known as microvascular obstruction (MVO). However, studies performed in the isolated perfused hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) do not suggest the involvement of microembolization and microthrombi in this phenomenon. The intracoronary administration of alteplase has been found to have no effect on the occurrence of MVO in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The Role of Mitochondrial K Channels in the Infarct-Reducing Effect of Normobaric Hypoxia.

We studied the role of K channels in the infarct-limiting effect of short-term normobaric hypoxia. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a 45-min coronary artery occlusion followed by a 120-min reperfusion. Normobaric hypoxia was simulated 30 min before coronary artery occlusion: 6 sessions of hypoxia (8% O, 10 min) and reoxygenation (21% O, 10 min).

Airway Smooth Muscles Contractions in Metabolic Syndrome.

We studied contractile responses of isolated airway smooth muscle segments from rats with metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. It was shown that metabolic syndrome was associated with an increase of bronchoconstrictor action of cholinergic receptor activator carbacholine (0.

Role of HS in Regulation of Vascular Tone in Metabolic Disorders.

We studied the effect of the HS donor (NaHS, 1-500 μM) on the contractile responses of isolated aortic smooth muscle segments from rats with metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. It was found that the vasorelaxing effect of NaHS (5-100 μM) decreased in under conditions of MS. The endothelial NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 μM) suppressed the effect of NaHS, while cystathionine-gamma-lyase inhibitor PAG (100 μM) decreased the vasodilating effects of acetylcholine (0.

Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractions in the Model of Metabolic Syndrome.

Reduced glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and imbalance in lipid levels were found in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. The contractile responses of intact and endothelium-denuded aortic smooth muscle segments from rats with metabolic syndrome to application of acetylcholine, phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside, and forskolin were studied by mechanographic method. It was found that endothelial dysfunction develops against the background of metabolic and hemodynamic disorders in metabolic syndrome.

Communication Patterns Among Male Couples with Open and Monogamous Agreements.

Male couples in open relationships tend to have as equally fulfilling relationships as monogamous male couples; however, less is known about communication differences between monogamous and open couples. Because couples with open agreements permit sex with outside partners, they must navigate different relationship issues than monogamous couples, and this can translate to differences in communication. We therefore examined differences between cisgender men in monogamous versus open relationships regarding communication about sexual agreements, safety agreements, breaking of sexual and safety agreements, the disclosure of broken sexual and safety agreements, and general relationship communication.

Search for Intracellular Sensors Involved in the Functioning of Monovalent Cations as Secondary Messengers.

Maintenance of non-equilibrium Na+ and K+ distribution between cytoplasm and extracellular medium suggests existence of sensors responding with conformational transitions to the changes of these monovalent cations' intracellular concentration. Molecular nature of monovalent cation sensors has been established in Na,K-ATPase, G-protein-coupled receptors, and heat shock proteins structural studies. Recently, it was found that changes in Na+ and K+ intracellular concentration are the key factors in the transcription and translation control, respectively.

HS-Mediated Changes in Erythrocyte Volume: Role of Gardos Channels, Na,K,2Cl Cotransport and Anion Exchanger.

The effect of HS on changes in erythrocyte volume was studied by spectrophotometrical and potentiometric methods. It was found that HS donor NaHS (2.5, 10, and 100 μM) induced an increase in erythrocyte volume in heterosmotic media.

Role of Carbon Monoxide in the Mechanisms of Action of Extracellular ATP on Contractile Activity of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

We studied the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in the effect of P2X and P2Y receptor agonist ATP on the tone of rat aorta segments with intact endothelium. ATP (1-1000 μM) and P2X receptor agonist α,β-MeATP (100 μM) relaxed segments precontracted with phenylephrine (10 μM), while UTP (100-1000 μM) increased the amplitude of phenylephrine-induced contraction. The relaxing effect of ATP was enhanced by CORM II (100 μM), NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME, and guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ and attenuated by ZnPP IX (100 μM).

Ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcriptomic changes triggered by dissipation of monovalent cation gradients in rodent cells: Physiological and pathophysiological implications.

Elevation of [Na]/[K]-ratio is considered as one of the major signals triggering transcriptomic changes in various cells types. In this study, we identified ubiquitous and cell type-specific [Formula: see text] -sensitive genes by comparative analysis of transcriptomic changes in ouabain-treated rat aorta smooth muscle cells and rat aorta endothelial cells (RASMC and RAEC, respectively), rat cerebellar granule cells (RCGC), and mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure of the cells to ouabain increased intracellular Na content by ~14, 8, 7, and 6-fold and resulted in appearance of 7577, 2698, 2120, and 1146 differentially expressed transcripts in RAEC, RASMC, C2C12, and RCGC, respectively.

[Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Gas Transmitters NO, CO and H2S in Smooth Muscle Cells and Effect of NO-generating Compounds (Nitrates and Nitrites) on Average Life Expectancy].

Gaseous signaling molecules (gas transmitters) take an especial position among the numerous signaling molecules involved in the regulation of both intracellular processes that occur in different types of cells and cell-cell interactions. At present time, gas transmitters include three molecules whose enzymatic systems of synthesis and degradation, physiological action and intracellular effectors, the change of which under the action of gas transmitters may result in physiological and/or pathophysiological effects are well- determined. These molecules include nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Vasoconstriction triggered by hydrogen sulfide: Evidence for Na,K,2Clcotransport and L-type Ca channel-mediated pathway.

Objectives: This study examined the dose-dependent actions of hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) on isometric contractions and ion transport in rat aorta smooth muscle cells (SMC).

Methods: Isometric contraction was measured in ring aortas segments from male Wistar rats. Activity of Na/K-pump and Na,K,2Clcotransport was measured in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells from the rat aorta as ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-resistant, bumetanide-sensitive components of the Rb influx, respectively.

[Quantitative mineralogical analysis and structure of urinary stones in patients living in Ivanovo region].

This paper focuses on developing and implementing a method of quantitative mineralogical analysis of urinary stones based on powder diffraction data analysis using 4 Topas (Bruker) software. Mineralogical composition of 100 urinary stones from urolithiasis patients living in Ivanovo region was examined. More than 70% of stones consisted of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), and their mixtures with hydroxylapatite.

Regulation of Contractile Responses of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells under Conditions of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation.

We analyzed the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on changes in contractile activity in rat aortic smooth muscles. Both hypoxia and reoxygenation induced relaxation of smooth muscle cells precontracted with high-potassium Krebs solution (30 mM KCl) or α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Vasodilation resulted from enhancement of potassium permeability of smooth muscle cell membranes caused by activation of voltage-gated potassium channels (triggered by both precontracting agents) or by opening of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (phenylephrine).

[Gas Signalling in Mammalian Cells].

At the end of the last century after the discovery of signaling functions of nitric oxide (NO, II), a new class of biologically active substances was admitted. It includes so-called gas transmitters acting as intercellular and intracellular regulators of different physiological functions. Currently, this class includes such gases as NO, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

[THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE ON COLLAGEN-INDUCED AGGREGATION OF HUMAN PLATELETS].

Study the impact of hydrogen sulfide on collagen-induced platelet aggregation from healthy donors and patients with type 2 diabetes. In healthy individuals, in contrast to patients with type 2 diabetes, NaHS significantly inhibited platelet aggregation. Activators of cAMP signaling (forskolin and phosphodiesterase inhibitor) significantly reduced platelet aggregation in both groups of examinees.

[THE ROLE OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN VOLUME-DEPENDENT MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS CONTRACTILE ACTIVITY].

The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) influence on the contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) was studied on endothelium-denuded aortic ring segments of male Wistar rats with method of mechanography. Contractions of SMS were induced by incubation in high potassium solution as well as in hyper-, hypo- and isosmotic solutions. 5-100 LM of H2S donor--sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) increased mechanical tension of SMC precontracted with high potassium solution that was abolished by bumetanide--the inhibitor of Na+, K+, 2Cl(-) -cotransporter (NKCC), but 100-1000 microM of NaHS relaxed SMS.

NKCC1 and NKCC2: The pathogenetic role of cation-chloride cotransporters in hypertension.

This review summarizes the data on the functional significance of ubiquitous (NKCC1) and renal-specific (NKCC2) isoforms of electroneutral sodium, potassium and chloride cotransporters. These carriers contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension via regulation of intracellular chloride concentration in vascular smooth muscle and neuronal cells and via sensing chloride concentration in the renal tubular fluid, respectively. Both NKCC1 and NKCC2 are inhibited by furosemide and other high-ceiling diuretics widely used for attenuation of extracellular fluid volume.

Cation-chloride cotransporters: regulation, physiological significance, and role in pathogenesis of arterial hypertension.

This review summarizes the data on the functioning of carriers providing electroneutral symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride (Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransport), potassium and chloride (K(+),Cl(-) cotransport), and sodium and chloride (K(+),Cl(-) cotransport) as well as molecular mechanisms of the regulation of these carriers and their physiological significance. We emphasized the involvement of chloride-coupled carriers in the regulation of cell volume and intracellular chloride concentration and novel data on the role of ubiquitous isoform of Na(+),K(+),2Cl(-) cotransporter NKCC1 in regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction and activity of GABA(A) receptors. Finally, we analyzed the data on activation of NKCC1 in patients with essential hypertension and its role in the long-term maintenance of elevated systemic blood pressure and myogenic response in microcirculatory beds.