Antigen affinity and site of immunization dictate B cell recall responses.

Protective antibodies against HIV-1 require unusually high levels of somatic mutations introduced in germinal centers (GCs). To achieve this, a sequential vaccination approach was proposed. Using HIV-1 antibody knockin mice with fate-mapping genes, we examined if antigen affinity affects the outcome of B cell recall responses.

Multi-compartmental diversification of neutralizing antibody lineages dissected in SARS-CoV-2 spike-immunized macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 underscores the need to understand qualitative aspects of the humoral immune response elicited by spike immunization. Here, we combine monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolation with deep B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing of rhesus macaques immunized with prefusion-stabilized spike glycoprotein. Longitudinal tracing of spike-sorted B cell lineages in multiple immune compartments demonstrates increasing somatic hypermutation and broad dissemination of vaccine-elicited B cells in draining and non-draining lymphoid compartments, including the bone marrow, spleen and, most notably, periaortic lymph nodes.

Maintenance of caecal homeostasis by diverse adaptive immune cells in the rhesus macaque.

Objectives: The caecum bridges the small and large intestine and plays a front-line role in discriminating gastrointestinal antigens. Although dysregulated in acute and chronic conditions, the tissue is often overlooked immunologically.

Methods: To address this issue, we applied single-cell transcriptomic-V(D)J sequencing to FACS-isolated CD45 caecal patch/lamina propria leukocytes from a healthy (5-year-old) female rhesus macaque and coupled these data to VDJ deep sequencing reads from haematopoietic tissues.

Multi-Omics Approach Points to the Importance of Oxylipins Metabolism in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

The involvement of oxylipins, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, in cancer pathogenesis was known long ago, but only the development of the high-throughput methods get the opportunity to study oxylipins on a system level. The study aimed to elucidate alterations in oxylipin metabolism as characteristics of breast cancer patients. We compared the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) oxylipin profile signatures in the blood plasma of 152 healthy volunteers (HC) and 169 patients with different stages of breast cancer (BC).

New Role of Bioethics in Emergency Situations on the Example of COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed existing norm perception both in medical practice and in society. In the context of limited resources and absence of a known treatment protocol, this change particularly affected healthcare system, doctors, and the distribution of a life-support therapy. One of the main bioethical dilemmas presented by coronavirus epidemic is the discrepancy between public health ethics, characterized by the fair distribution of limited resources and public safety orientation, and patient-specific clinical ethics.

Modulation of the Primary Astrocyte-Enriched Cultures' Oxylipin Profiles Reduces Neurotoxicity.

Recently, manipulations with reactive astrocytes have been viewed as a new therapeutic approach that will enable the development of treatments for acute brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocytes can release several substances, which may exert neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects, but the nature of these substances is still largely unknown. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that these effects may be attributed to oxylipins, which are synthesized from n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Author Correction: Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from engineered B cells.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20304-y.

Vaccine elicitation of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies from engineered B cells.

HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can suppress viremia and protect against HIV infection. However, their elicitation is made difficult by low frequencies of appropriate precursor B cell receptors and the complex maturation pathways required to generate bnAbs from these precursors. Antibody genes can be engineered into B cells for expression as both a functional antigen receptor on cell surfaces and as secreted antibody.

The history of Kazan neurological school.

The historical prerequisites for the foundation and teaching of neurology at Kazan University are described; the relationship between the history of Kazan Imperial University Kazan medical university and neurology school is shown. Brief biographies of outstanding representatives of Kazan Neuroscience (D.P.

[Sarcoidosis and pregnancy: data from scientific publications and a clinical case].

The paper analyzes the literature on sarcoidosis and pregnancy, available from the MedLine bases and Russian journals. It also presents a clinical case of sarcoidosis developed and recurred in a female after the first and repeated pregnancy. It is concluded that pregnancy in sarcoidosis may be preserved in most cases.

[Life quality in patients with sarcoidosis and isolated skin syndrome in chronic dermatoses].

Seventeen patients, including 3 (17.6%) males and 14 (82.4%) females, who had respiratory sarcoidosis with the skin syndrome as erythema nodosum, were examined; their mean age was 41.

[Comparative evaluation of effects of various bronchodilators in sarcoidosis].

The investigation was undertaken to compare three bronchodilators on patients with respiratory sarcoidosis. Ninety patients (66 females and 24 males) with intrathoracic sarcoidosis were examined. X-ray stages I, II, III, and IV were seen in 48.

[Sarcoidosis as seen by a patient: results of questionnaire survey].

Two hundred patients with sarcoidosis were interviewed by a questionnaire in the global Internet. For comparison, the same questionnaire was used in the interviews of 60 patients in Kazan. Among international responders, patients from the USA were prevalent.

[Characterization of life quality in patients with respiratory tuberculosis treated in the outpatient setting].

The overall Life Quality-100 questionnaire recommended by the World Health Organization was used to survey 29 patients with active respiratory tuberculosis and 19 healthy persons. Life quality (LQ) was assessed by 24 items pooled to form 6 categories. There were significant differences in the overall life quality and in the mental health scale.

[Comparison of flow-volume curve parameters in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis and chronic non-specific pulmonary diseases].

62 patients with respiratory sarcoidosis (RS) and 50 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNSPD) inhaled 1 ml (250 mg ipratronium bromide and 500 mcg phenoterol hydrobromide) berodual by means of nebulizer. 68% of the examinees responded with obstruction of the distal part of the respiratory tree. RS causes partially reversible defects in permeability, primarily at the level of small bronchi.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic microflora: data of the bacteriological laboratory at the antituberculosis clinic].

A total of 426 cultures for nonspecific organisms, made at the Bacteriological Laboratory of the Antituberculosis Dispensary, were analyzed. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus were most common among the isolated pathogens. Evaluation of antibiotic sensitivity by using the disks showed augmentin, cefuroxime axetil, and ciprofloxacin to be most effective.

[Medico-social characteristics of inpatients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

A questionnaire survey of 103 patients with active tuberculosis of the respiratory organs provided evidence on social factors contributing to more frequent onset of destructive tuberculosis, complications, discharge of M. tuberculosis, associated chronic bronchitis and ulcer. These were: serving sentence in prison or reformatory, poverty, alcoholism.

[Statistical analysis of liver dysfunction in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis using the data base control system].

A program HEPATOX has been devised for the study of the frequency of hepatic dysfunction signs within the system of data base control FoxPro. The analysis of the data available for 377 tuberculous patients showed a more important role of the laboratory diagnosis compared to clinical symptoms, a predisposing role of prior hepatitides and active inflammation in the onset of hepatic dysfunction in conditions of on-going chemotherapy. The authors present the frequency spectrum for clinical and laboratory findings from tuberculous in patients with liver dysfunctions.