Blood-brain barrier integrity disruption is associated with both chronic vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities.

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus are increasingly linked to cognitive decline and dementia, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are closely associated with cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms behind their development remain unclear. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be a key factor, particularly in cSVD.

Lower serum uric acid and impairment of right cerebral hemisphere structural brain networks are related to depressive symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease: A cross-sectional study.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) may be associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms. Serum uric acid (SUA), an antioxidant, may be involved in the occurrence and development of depressive symptoms, but the mechanism remains unknown. Moreover, the relationship between structural brain networks and SUA has not been explored.

Mild Behavioral Impairment and Cerebrovascular Profiles Are Associated with Early Cognitive Impairment in a Community-Based Southeast Asian Cohort.

Background: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is one of the earliest observable changes when a person experiences cognitive decline and could be an early manifestation of underlying Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Limited attention has been given to investigating the clinical applicability of behavioral biomarkers for detection of prodromal dementia.

Objective: This study compared the prevalence of self-reported MBI and vascular risk factors in Southeast Asian adults to identify early indicators of cognitive impairment and dementia.

Correlation Between Plasma Oligomeric Amyloid-β and Performance on the Language Neutral Visual Cognitive Assessment Test in a Southeast Asian Population.

Oligomeric amyloid-β (OAβ), an upstream driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, correlates with poor cognitive performance and brain volume reduction. Its effect on cognitive performance measured by the language neutral Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT) remains to be evaluated. We studied the correlation of plasma OAβ with VCAT scores and grey matter volume (GMV) in a Southeast Asian cohort with mild cognitive impairment.

Safety and Usefulness of Lumbar Puncture for the Diagnosis and Management of Young-Onset Cognitive Disorders.

Background: Young-onset cognitive disorders (YOCD) often manifests with complex and atypical presentations due to underlying heterogenous pathologies. Therefore, a biomarker-based evaluation will allow for timely diagnosis and definitive management.

Objective: Here, we evaluated the safety and usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling through lumbar puncture (LP) in YOCD patients in a tertiary clinical setting.

Eosinophilic pneumonia: A rare manifestation of amiodarone toxicity diagnosed using traditional bronchoscopy.

Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent used primarily to treat atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. However, the drug also has many adverse effects, including pulmonary toxicity, and a wide range of pulmonary diseases have been reported. Amiodarone-induced eosinophilic pneumonia is a relatively rare adverse effect with an incidence ranging between 5 and 13% [1].

MiR-29b-1-5p is altered in BRCA1 mutant tumours and is a biomarker in basal-like breast cancer.

Depletion of BRCA1 protein in mouse mammary glands results in defects in lactational development and increased susceptibility to mammary cancer. Extensive work has focussed on the role of BRCA1 in the normal breast and in the development of breast cancer, the cell of origin for BRCA1 tumours and the protein-coding genes altered in BRCA1 deficient cells. However, the role of non-coding RNAs in BRCA1-deficient cells is poorly understood.

Non-coding RNAs in Mammary Gland Development and Disease.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are untranslated RNA molecules that function to regulate the expression of numerous genes and associated biochemical pathways and cellular functions. NcRNAs include small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). They participate in the regulation of all developmental processes and are frequently aberrantly expressed or functionally defective in disease.