The Role of Glial Cells in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, in the pathophysiology of ASD. Glial cells are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, modulating synaptic function, and responding to neural injury.

Cutting-Edge Strategies for Overcoming Therapeutic Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the hardest neurodegenerative diseases to treat due to its enduring cognitive deterioration and memory loss. Despite extensive research, few viable treatment approaches have been found; these are mostly due to several barriers, such as the disease's complex biology, limited pharmaceutical efficacy, and the BBB. This presentation discusses current strategies for addressing these therapeutic barriers to enhance AD treatment.

Enantioselective Separation and Pharmacokinetics of a Chiral 1,4-Dihydropyrimidine Derivative in Rats: A Combined Chromatography and Docking Approach.

Chirality in 1,4-Dihydropyrimidines influences their pharmacological properties and synthetic strategies. Enantiomers of chiral drugs often exhibit different pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, separating and studying individual enantiomers is crucial to optimize drug efficacy and safety.

Determination of ursolic acid in ethanolic extract of (L.) Steane & Mabb. by HPLC method.

(L.) Steane & Mabb. a plant having significant medicinal value is used in treating a fever, rheumatism, inflammation, pain, and malarial fever.

NDSRIs Crisis in Pharmaceuticals; Insights on Formation Pathways, Root Causes, Risk Management, and Novel Analytical Techniques.

The discovery of a new class of nitrosamine impurities called nitrosamine drug substance related impurities (NDSRIs) in pharmaceuticals has emerged as a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical sector due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. Regulatory bodies globally in active collaboration with all the concerned stake holders, are taking effective measures to prevent and control NDSRIs. This comprehensive review on NDSRIs discusses formation pathways, root cause analysis, acceptable intake limits, case studies, control strategies and regulatory responses pertaining to recent NDSRI incidents.

Corrigendum to "Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals - Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review" [J. Pharm. Anal. 14 (2024) 100919].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.

Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals - Insights on toxicological implications, root causes and risk assessment: A systematic review.

The presence of -nitroso compounds, particularly -nitrosamines, in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects. This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), drug products, and pharmaceutical excipients, along with novel analytical strategies for detection, root cause analysis, reformulation strategies, and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines. This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of -nitroso compounds, focusing on genotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and other physiological effects.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Co-Encapsulating Artemether and miRNA for Mitigating Cerebral Malaria.

Cerebral malaria (CM), a severe neurological pathology caused by infection, poses a significant global health threat and has a high mortality rate. Conventional therapeutics cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) efficiently. Therefore, finding effective treatments remains challenging.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry 13-year data collection and analysis: geographic distribution, financial support, research phase, duration, and disease categories.

Objective: To evaluate the current status of trial registration on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR).

Design: In this descriptive study, a multi-dimensional grouping analysis was conducted to estimate trends in the annual trial registration, geographical distribution, sources of funding, targeted diseases, and trial subtypes.

Setting: We have analyzed all clinical trial records (over 30,000) registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) from 2007 to 2020 executed in China.

Implications of Pharmacokinetic Potentials of Pioglitazone Enantiomers in Rat Plasma Mediated through Glucose Uptake Assay.

Pioglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator used to diagnose hyperglycemia, was studied for its stereoselective deposition and active enantiomers in female albino Wistar rats. In accordance with USFDA recommendations, a bioanalytical technique was employed to assess the segregation of pioglitazone enantiomers in rat plasma with glimepiride as an internal standard. A Phenomenox i-Amylose-3 column (150 mm × 4.

study and pharmacokinetic evaluation of sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma.

A chiral HPLC technique was developed to determine sitagliptin phosphate enantiomers in rat plasma in compliance with US FDA regulations. The technique used a Phenomenex column with a mobile phase consisting of a 60:35:5 (v/v/v) blend of pH4, 10-mM ammonium acetate buffer, methanol and 0.1% formic acid in Millipore water.

A response surface modeling and optimization of photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water using hierarchical nano-assemblages of CuBiO particles.

Photocatalytic degradation, as an advanced oxidation process (AOPs), offers a great advantage to target persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water. RSM in the present study which is statistical means for optimizing processes like photocatalysis with minimum laboratory experimentation. RSM has a history of being a potent design experiment tool for creating new processes, modifying their designs, and optimizing their performances.

An Overview of CDK Enzyme Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.

The ability to address the cell cycle in cancer therapy brings up new medication development possibilities. Cyclin-dependent kinases are a group of proteins that control the progression of the cell cycle. The CDK/cyclin complexes are activated when specific CDK sites are phosphorylated.

A novel RP-HPLC method development and validation for simultaneous quantification of gefitinib and resveratrol in polymeric hybrid lipid nanoparticles and glioma cells.

Resveratrol and Gefitinib are adjunct therapies for various cancers; however, both have been limited by low solubility, low cellular uptake, and bioavailability issues. As a result, this research aimed to develop an accurate, precise, selective, and sensitive reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method to simultaneously determine both compounds in nanoformulation and Glioma cells. The phenomenex luna C8 column, a mobile phase (80: 20 ratios of acetonitrile: 200 mM ammonium acetate) with a flow rate of 1 mL.

Assessing physical and chemical properties of saliva among tuberculosis patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment - An observational study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major systemic conditions which is a preventable and curable infection but remains a significant cause of death. The WHO, in its global plan to stop TB reports, that poor treatment has resulted in the evolution of strains that do not respond to treatment with the standard first-line combination of anti- tuberculosis medicines, resulting in the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in almost every country of the world.The present study was aimed to assess the physical and chemical property of stimulated and unstimulated saliva and identify if any association exist with alterations in taste perception in patients with antituberculosis medications.

Multivariate Optimization for Determination of Favipiravir, a SARS-CoV-2 Molecule, by the Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method Using a QbD Approach.

The object of the analytical work is to develop an analytical multivariate optimization for the determination of Favipiravir (FAV), a SARS-CoV-2 molecule, by the reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method using the analytical quality by design approach. FAV is used as an antiviral drug. Box-Behnken design is utilized for the optimization of the experiment and to identify the critical method parameters like the volume of acetonitrile, temperature and flow rate.

Enantiomeric separation of oxomemazine in rabbit plasma by ultra-fast LC and application in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study.

Ultra-fast LC was used to establish a new bioanalytical method for enantiomeric separation of oxomemazine. The proposed study was carried out using the ultra-fast LC technique with an amylose chiral column. The bioanalytical approach was used in rabbit plasma following US FDA regulations and then extended to oxomemazine enantiomeric separation using metronidazole as the internal standard.

Coprecipitation aided synthesis of bimetallic silver tungstate: a response surface simulation of sunlight-driven photocatalytic removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol.

In the present study, the response surface methodology (RSM) model was used to investigate the photocatalytic performance of silver tungstate (AgWO) in the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) under natural sunlight. The AgWO which has nanoflower-like structure was synthesized by a coprecipitation method. The synthesized photocatalyst was characterized for FESEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Degradation of doxycycline antibiotics using lanthanum copper oxide microspheres under simulated sunlight.

In this study, lanthanum copper oxide was synthesized under hydrothermal techniques and characterized for doxycycline degradation. The catalyst exhibited enhanced photocatalytic doxycycline degradation under visible light owing to its compatible bandgap energy (1.7 eV).

Sonochemical synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride-manganese oxide interfaces for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride.

The present study focuses on the sonochemical synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride-manganese oxide (GCN/MnO) nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation of an environmentally hazardous pharmaceutical compound, tetracycline hydrochloride (TcH). The sonochemical synthesis aided in tailoring the morphology of GCN/MnO. The characterization results of SEM/FESEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectra, EIS, CV, etc.

Bioanalytical chiral chromatographic technique and docking studies for enantioselective separation of meclizine hydrochloride: Application to pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.

Enantiomeric resolution and molecular docking studies of meclizine hydrochloride on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase comprising cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) chiral selector (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.0 μm) were presented.

Recent Advances in Chiral Separation of Antihistamine Drugs: Analytical and Bioanalytical Methods.

Chirality is now a key area in the field of research. Researchers are well versed with analytical separations but at the same time, they are unaware of the growth in the field of chiral separation. According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) guidelines, it is mandatory to separate chiral drugs before they are marketed.

Current Perspectives on Novel Drug Carrier Systems and Therapies for Management of Pancreatic Cancer: An Updated Inclusive Review.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal solid tumors, resulting in more than 250,000 deaths per year globally. It is the eighth leading cause of death from cancer in men and women throughout the world and is now third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In addition, the worldwide occurrence of PC ranges from 1 to 10 cases per 100,000 people, indicating a higher incidence in developed countries.