Graphene Quantum Dots for Cell Proliferation, Nucleus Imaging, and Photoluminescent Sensing Applications.

We report a simple one-pot microwave assisted "green synthesis" of Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) using grape seed extract as a green therapeutic carbon source. These GQDs readily self-assemble, hereafter referred to as "self-assembled" GQDs (sGQDs) in the aqueous medium. The sGQDs enter via caveolae and clathrin-mediated endocytosis and target themselves into cell nucleus within 6-8 h without additional assistance of external capping/targeting agent.

DNA-dependent protein kinase modulates the anti-cancer properties of silver nanoparticles in human cancer cells.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) were reported to be toxic to eukaryotic cells. These potentially detrimental effects of Ag-np can be advantageous in experimental therapeutics. They are currently being employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cancer drugs.

The role of small incision suture-less cataract surgery in the developed world.

Purpose Of Review: Manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) has recently gone through much refinement and fine tuning. It is often taken as an alternate option for phacoemulsification, especially in developing country. This review will present some insight on its applications especially for developed nations.

Dressing "in code": Clothing rules, propriety, and perceptions.

Does dressing in line with societal clothing rules make a woman appear more professional and competent? We used a within-subjects design and tested if participants rated women dressed in compliance with school and workplace clothing rules more positively than women not dressed in compliance with rules. Participants (N = 89) at a mid-sized mid-western university rated 10 pictures of women captured from the internet on 11 attributes. Participants rated the five women dressed following clothing rules higher on a composite measure of positive attributes (intelligent, competent, powerful, organized, efficient, and professional), F(1, 86) = 68.

The Etiology of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in Dhulikhel Hospital.

Background Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a serious medical problem in cirrhotic patients. Patients with cirrhosis may develop upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a variety of lesions, including those due to portal hypertension, namely gastroesophageal varices and portal hypertensive gastropathy and other lesions as seen in the general population. Objective To investigate the etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhotic patients.

Combined Chemoinformatics Approach to Solvent Library Design Using clusterSim and Multidimensional Scaling.

Reported here is a rational approach for the selection of solvents intended for use in physical form screening based on a novel chemoinformatics analysis of solvent properties. A comprehensive assessment of eight clustering methods was carried out on a series of 94 solvents described by calculated molecular descriptors using the clusterSim package in R. The effectiveness of clustering methods was evaluated using a range of statistical measures as well as increasing efficiency of solid form discovery using a cluster-based solvent selection approach.

Synthesis of Curcumin Glycosides with Enhanced Anticancer Properties Using One-Pot Multienzyme Glycosylation Technique.

Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound, widely acclaimed for its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancerous properties. However, its use has been limited due to its low-aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, rapid clearance, and low cellular uptake. In order to assess the effect of glycosylation on the pharmacological properties of curcumin, one-pot multienzyme (OPME) chemoenzymatic glycosylation reactions with UDP- α-D-glucose or UDP-α-D-2-deoxyglucose as donor substrate were employed.

Power and provocativeness: The effects of subtle changes in clothing on perceptions of working women.

The current study investigates the effects of subtle changes in professional women's dress on women's perceptions of power and competence. We replicate and extend Howlett, Pine, Cahill, Orakcioglu, and Fletcher's (2015) research showing that women in provocative clothing are rated as less competent. We used a larger sample, tested a second independent variable, and fine-tuned the design for higher face validity.

The use of Imatinib resistance mutation analysis to direct therapy in Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukaemia patients failing Imatinib treatment, in Patan Hospital, Nepal.

Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) can be successfully treated with Glivec (Imatinib), which is available free of cost through the Glivec International Patient Assistance programme (GIPAP) to patients with proven CML without means to pay for the drug. We review the acquired mutations in the tyrosine kinase encoded by the BCR-ABL1 gene underlying Glivec failure or resistance in a cohort of 388 imatinib-treated CML patients (149 Female and 239 male) registered between February 2003 and June 2016 in Nepal. Forty-five patients (11 female 34 male) were studied; 18 different BCR-ABL1 mutations were seen in 33 patients.

Treating Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive patients with Glivec (Imatinib mesylate): 10 years' experience at Patan Hospital, Nepal.

The Glivec International Patient Assistance Programme makes Glivec (Imatinib mesylate) available to Philadelphia chromosome/BCR-ABL1 positive patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in Lower and Middle Income Countries (LMIC). We have established a large cohort of 211 CML patients who are eligible for Imatinib, in Kathmandu, Nepal. Thirty-one patients were lost to follow-up.

Clinico-Pathological Correlation of Colorectal Diseases by Colonoscopy and Biopsy.

Background Colonoscopy is a simple, safe and well tolerated procedure, the visualization of the mucosa of the entire colon and terminal ileum to detect intestinal abnormalities and obtain biopsy leads to the early detection of the pathologic process and institution of appropriate therapy. Objective To find out the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnosis of colorectal diseases. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital from Jan.

The impact of ocular trauma during the Nepal earthquake in 2015.

Background: Nepal was struck by a massive earthquake on the 25th April 2015 and major aftershock on the 12th of May 2015, resulting in widespread devastation with a death toll in the thousands. The burden of ocular trauma resulting from the recent earthquakes in Nepal has not been described thus far. The aim of this study was to determine the types of ocular injuries sustained in the earthquake in Nepal and its management in Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO) in Gaushala, Kathmandu.

Visual outcome and early complications of sutureless and glueless scleral fixated intraocular lens.

Introduction: In the absence of capsular support, anterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), iris fixated IOL and sutured scleral fixated intraocular lens (SFIOL) implantation have been performed for many years. Recently sutureless glued SFIOL have been used as a primary or secondary procedure to correct aphakia. In this study we have used sutureless and glueless technique of SFIOL implantation.

Clinical Application of a Smartphone-Based Ophthalmic Camera adapter in Under-Resourced Settings in Nepal.

Background: The ability to obtain high quality ocular images utilizing smartphone technology is of special interest in under-resourced parts of the world where traditional ocular imaging devices are cost-prohibitive, difficult to transport, and require a trained technician for operation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore potential anterior and posterior segment ocular imaging use cases for a smartphone-based ophthalmic camera adapter (Paxos Scope, Digisight Technologies, San Francisco, CA, USA) in under-resourced settings in Nepal.

Methods: From September to November of 2015 we utilized the Paxos Scope smartphone camera adapter coupled with an iPhone 5 to explore anterior and posterior segment clinical applications for this mobile technology.

Detection of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus ortleppi in Bhutan.

In this pilot study, fecal samples were collected from community dogs around slaughterhouses and from the city of Thimphu (n=138) as well as from carnivores in the forest area around a farm in Bhutan (n=28). Samples were analyzed microscopically for the presence of taeniid eggs by the floatation and sieving method. Further molecular analyses of 20 samples of community dogs positive for taeniid eggs confirmed 10 Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and one Taenia hydatigena case.

INPP5E regulates phosphoinositide-dependent cilia transition zone function.

Human ciliopathies, including Joubert syndrome (JBTS), arise from cilia dysfunction. The inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5E localizes to cilia and is mutated in JBTS. Murine Inpp5e ablation is embryonically lethal and recapitulates JBTS, including neural tube defects and polydactyly; however, the underlying defects in cilia signaling and the function of INPP5E at cilia are still emerging.

Medication Adherence Pattern and Factors affecting Adherence in Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy.

Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection worldwide affecting approximately half of the world's population. A number of screening tests as well as complex multi-drug therapies are available for the detection and treatment of H.

A Zebrafish Model for a Human Myopathy Associated with Mutation of the Unconventional Myosin MYO18B.

Myosin 18B is an unconventional myosin that has been implicated in tumor progression in humans. In addition, loss-of-function mutations of the MYO18B gene have recently been identified in several patients exhibiting symptoms of nemaline myopathy. In mouse, mutation of Myo18B results in early developmental arrest associated with cardiomyopathy, precluding analysis of its effects on skeletal muscle development.

Evaluation of Oral Bait Vaccine Efficacy Against Classical Swine Fever in Village Backyard Pig Farms in Bhutan.

Control and eradication of classical swine fever (CSF) in countries with a high proportion of backyard holdings is a challenge. Conventional attenuated Chinese C-strain vaccines, though safe and effective, are difficult to use in backyard farms due to various practical reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CSF oral bait vaccine in village backyard pig farms and to assess the farmers' knowledge on CSF and motivation on using oral vaccines.

Comparative Morphological Analysis of the Immature Stages of the Grass Blue Butterflies Zizeeria and Zizina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae).

The pale grass blue butterfly has been used to assess the biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident. Zizeeria and Zizina are two closely related genera of grass blue butterflies that are widely distributed in tropical to temperate Asia, Australia, and Africa, making them suitable environmental indicators for these areas. However, the morphological features of the immature stages have been examined only in fragmentary fashion.

Urinary Haptoglobin Predicts Rapid Renal Function Decline in Asians With Type 2 Diabetes and Early Kidney Disease.

Context: A recent study suggested that urinary haptoglobin may be a novel biomarker to improve predictive performance of albuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the finding has not been externally validated.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate whether urinary haptoglobin improves predictive performance of albuminuria in Asian T2DM with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30 mL/min per 1.

Donor specificity of YjiC glycosyltransferase determines the conjugation of cytosolic NDP-sugar in in vivo glycosylation reactions.

Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was engineered by blocking glucose-1-phosphate utilizing glucose phosphate isomerase (pgi), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (zwf) and uridylyltransferase (galU) genes to produce pool of four different rare dTDP-sugars. The cytosolic pool of dTDP-l-rhamnose, dTDP-d-viosamine, dTDP-4-amino 4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, and dTDP-3-amino 3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose was generated by overexpressing respective dTDP-sugars biosynthesis genes from various microbial sources. A flexible glycosyltransferase YjiC, from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 was also overexpressed to transfer sugar moieties to 3-hydroxyl group of 3-hydroxyflavone, a core unit of flavonoids.

Correlation between Endoscopic and Histopathological Findings in Gastric Lesions.

Background Stomach is a common site for wide variety of lesions. The visualisation of the site with biopsy leads to the early detection of the pathologic process and appropriate therapy. Objectives The objective of this study is to correlate the histopathological pattern of endoscopic biopsies with distribution of gastric lesions according to age and sex.