Long-term water quality assessment in coastal and inland waters: An ensemble machine-learning approach using satellite data.

Accurate estimation of coastal and in-land water quality parameters is important for managing water resources and meeting the demand of sustainable development goals. The water quality monitoring based on discrete water sample analysis is limited to specific locations and becomes less effective to offer a synoptic view of the water quality variability at different spatial and temporal scales. The optical remote sensing techniques have proved their ability to provide a comprehensive and synoptic view of water quality parameters.

A novel pedicle screw design to maximize screw-bone interface strength using finite element analysis and design of experiment techniques.

Study Design: Basic study.

Purpose: This study aimed to utilize finite element (FE) analysis and design of experiment (DoE) techniques to propose and optimize a novel pedicle screw design and compare its pull-out force with that of a control device.

Overview Of Literature: Pedicle screw-based fixation is the gold-standard treatment for spine diseases, particularly in fusion procedures.

Distortion Prediction in Inconel-718 Part Fabricated through LPBF by Using Homogenized Support Properties from Experiments and Numerical Simulation.

The Laser Powder-Bed Fusion (LPBF) process produces complex part geometry by selectively sintering powder metal layer upon layer. During the LPBF process, parts experience the challenge of residual stress, distortions, and print failures. Lattice-based structures are used to support overhang parts and reduce distortion; this lattice support has complex geometry and demands high computational effort to predict distortion using simulation.

Electrical modelling of tissue experiments confirms precise locations of resistance and compliance in systemic arterial tree-they are mutually exclusive.

This study presents electrical modelling of the arterial system to understand the effect of adrenaline on the aortae and small arteries in terms of their resistance and compliance. There is no categorical documentation in the current literature on the precise locations of arterial resistance (R) and compliance (C) in vasculature. Knowledge of their exact locations in the arterial tree enables re-assessment of the differential action of vasoactive drugs on resistance versus compliance vessels once we resolve beat-to-beat changes in R and C in response to these drugs.

Vertebral Level-dependent Kinematics of Female and Male Necks Under G+x Loading.

Introduction: Size-matched volunteer studies report gender-dependent variations in spine morphology, and head mass and inertia properties. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of these properties on upper and lower cervical spine temporal kinematics during G+x loading.

Methods: Parametrized three-dimensional head-neck finite element models were used, and impacts were applied at 1.

Influence of cervical spine sagittal alignment on range of motion after corpectomy: a finite element study.

Background: Sagittal alignment of the cervical spine might influence the development of radiological adjacent segment pathology (RASP) after central corpectomy (CC). Range of motion (ROM) of the adjacent segments is closely linked to the development of RASP.

Methods: To investigate the ROM of the adjacent segments after CC, we developed a C2-T1 finite element (FE) model.

Identification of Pedicle Screw Pullout Load Paths for Osteoporotic Vertebrae.

Study Design: A biomechanical study.

Purpose: To determine the actual load path and compare pullout strengths as a function of screw size used in revision surgeries using postmortem human subject specimens.

Overview Of Literature: Pedicle screw fixation has become the standard of care in the surgical management of spinal instability.

Comparison of pullout strength of pedicle screws following revision using larger diameter screws.

Pedicle screw fixation and fusion are the gold standard for the treatment of spinal instability. Screw failures such as pullout and breakages have been reported during the past several years of research and development in this field. Further, the rate of revision surgeries due to failed pedicle screws is around 2-12%.

Pullout Strength Predictor: A Machine Learning Approach.

Study Design: A biomechanical study.

Purpose: To develop a predictive model for pullout strength.

Overview Of Literature: Spine fusion surgeries are performed to correct joint deformities by restricting motion between two or more unstable vertebrae.

Rear-Impact Neck Whiplash: Role of Head Inertial Properties and Spine Morphological Variations on Segmental Rotations.

Whiplash injuries continue to be a concern in low-speed rear impact. This study was designed to investigate the role of variations in spine morphology and head inertia properties on cervical spine segmental rotation in rear-impact whiplash loading. Vertebral morphology is rarely considered as an input parameter in spine finite element (FE) models.

Cervical spine morphology and ligament property variations: A finite element study of their influence on sagittal bending characteristics.

Cervical spine finite element models reported in biomechanical literature usually represent a static morphology. Not considering morphology as a model parameter limits the predictive capabilities for applications in personalized medicine, a growing trend in modern clinical practice. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of variations in spinal morphology on the flexion-extension responses, utilizing mesh-morphing-based parametrization and metamodel-based sensitivity analysis.

Evaluating Pedicle-Screw Instrumentation Using Decision-Tree Analysis Based on Pullout Strength.

Study Design: A biomechanical study of pedicle-screw pullout strength.

Purpose: To develop a decision tree based on pullout strength for evaluating pedicle-screw instrumentation.

Overview Of Literature: Clinically, a surgeon's understanding of the holding power of a pedicle screw is based on perioperative intuition (which is like insertion torque) while inserting the screw.

Testing Pullout Strength of Pedicle Screw Using Synthetic Bone Models: Is a Bilayer Foam Model a Better Representation of Vertebra?

Study Design: A biomechanical study.

Purpose: A new biomechanical model of the vertebra has been developed that accounts for the inhomogeneity of bone and the contribution of the pedicle toward the holding strength of a pedicle screw.

Overview Of Literature: Pullout strength studies are typically carried out on rigid polyurethane foams that represent the homogeneous vertebral framework of the spine.

Pull out strength calculator for pedicle screws using a surrogate ensemble approach.

Background And Objective: Pedicle screw instrumentation is widely used in the treatment of spinal disorders and deformities. Currently, the surgeon decides the holding power of instrumentation based on the perioperative feeling which is subjective in nature. The objective of the paper is to develop a surrogate model which will predict the pullout strength of pedicle screw based on density, insertion angle, insertion depth and reinsertion.

Optimization of custom cementless stem using finite element analysis and elastic modulus distribution for reducing stress-shielding effect.

This work proposes a methodology involving stiffness optimization for subject-specific cementless hip implant design based on finite element analysis for reducing stress-shielding effect. To assess the change in the stress-strain state of the femur and the resulting stress-shielding effect due to insertion of the implant, a finite element analysis of the resected femur with implant assembly is carried out for a clinically relevant loading condition. Selecting the von Mises stress as the criterion for discriminating regions for elastic modulus difference, a stiffness minimization method was employed by varying the elastic modulus distribution in custom implant stem.

Effect of various factors on pull out strength of pedicle screw in normal and osteoporotic cancellous bone models.

Pedicle screws are widely used for the treatment of spinal instability by spine fusion. Screw loosening is a major problem of spine fusion, contributing to delayed patient recovery. The present study aimed to understand the factor and interaction effects of density, insertion depth and insertion angle on pedicle screw pull out strength and insertion torque.

Comparative Analysis of Effect of Density, Insertion Angle and Reinsertion on Pull-Out Strength of Single and Two Pedicle Screw Constructs Using Synthetic Bone Model.

Study Design: Biomechanical study.

Purpose: To determine the effect of density, insertion angle and reinsertion on pull-out strength of pedicle screw in single and two screw-rod configurations.

Overview Of Literature: Pedicle screw pull-out studies have involved single screw construct, whereas two screws and rod constructs are always used in spine fusions.