Adverse birth outcomes among women with 'low-risk' pregnancies in India: findings from the Fifth National Family Health Survey, 2019-21.

Background: Despite substantial progress in improving maternal and newborn health, India continues to experience high rates of newborn mortality and stillbirths. One reason may be that many births happen in health facilities that lack advanced services-such as Caesarean section, blood transfusion, or newborn intensive care. Stratification based on pregnancy risk factors is used to guide 'high-risk' women to advanced facilities.

Peripheral bone structure, geometry, and strength and muscle density as derived from peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mortality among rural south Indian older adults.

Multiple studies have observed a relationship of bone mineral density (BMD) measured by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and mortality. However, areal BMD (aBMD) measured by DXA is an integrated measure of trabecular and cortical bone and does not measure the geometry of bone. Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) provides greater insights on bone structure, geometry and strength.

Impact of prepregnancy body mass index on adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis from the Longitudinal Indian Family hEalth cohort study.

Background: Both high and low maternal prepregnancy body mass index can lead to suboptimal fetal growth and risk of pregnancy complications. In developed countries, nearly half of all women of childbearing age are either overweight or obese, and most data linking maternal body mass index and adverse pregnancy complications are limited to these populations.

Objective: This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the relationships between prepregnancy body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes using the Longitudinal Indian Family hEalth (LIFE) study.

Sero-Surveillance to Monitor the Trend of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Transmission in India: Study Protocol for a Multi Site, Community Based Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: Large-scale sero-prevalence studies with representation from all age groups are required to estimate the true burden of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in the community. Serial serological surveys in fixed cohorts enable study of dynamics of viral transmission and correlates of immune response over time in the context of gradual introduction of COVID-19 vaccines and repeated upsurge of cases during the pandemic.

Methods: This longitudinal study will involve follow-up of a cohort of 25,000 individuals (5,000 per site) aged 2 years and above recruited from five existing demographic surveillance sites in India.

Estimated dengue force of infection and burden of primary infections among Indian children.

Background: Comprehensive, age-stratified dengue surveillance data are unavailable from India and many more dengue cases occur than are reported. Additional information on dengue transmission dynamics can inform understanding of disease endemicity and infection risk.

Methods: Using age-stratified dengue IgG seroprevalence data from 2556 Indian children aged 5-10 years, we estimated annual force of infection (FOI) at each of 6 sites using a binomial regression model.

Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone structure, and structural geometry among rural South Indian, US Caucasian, and Afro-Caribbean older men.

Unlabelled: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provides biomechanical estimates of bone strength. Rural South Indian men have reduced biomechanical indices of bone strength compared to US Caucasian and Afro-Caribbean men. This suggests an underlying higher risk of osteoporotic fractures and greater future fracture burden among the rural South Indian men.

Sex Steroid Hormones and Fracture in a Multiethnic Cohort of Women: The Women's Health Initiative Study (WHI).

Context: We hypothesize that endogenous sex steroids are associated with fracture risk independent of race/ethnicity.

Design And Setting: We performed a nested case-control study within the prospective Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Incident nonspine fractures were identified in 381 black, 192 Hispanic, 112 Asian, and 46 Native American women over an average of 8.

Design of the Mobility and Independent Living in Elders Study: An older adult cohort in rural India.

Aim: The Mobility and Independent Living in Elders Study (MILES) was established in 2012 to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for disability and age-related disease in rural older Indians. Here we describe the main goals of MILES, the essential elements of its design and examinations, and the initial findings from the baseline visit.

Methods: A random sample of 562 men and women aged ≥60 years was enrolled from the Medchal region in Telangana State.

Dengue serotype-specific seroprevalence among 5- to 10-year-old children in India: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Dengue surveillance data in India are limited and probably substantially underestimate the burden of disease. A community-based study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of dengue-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in children across India and to examine historical dengue exposure rates. Potential associations between socio-economic factors and dengue seroprevalence were also assessed (registered at ctri.