Geraniin Protects High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sprague Dawley Rats.

Geraniin, a hydrolysable polyphenol derived from L. fruit rind, has been shown to possess significant antioxidant activity and recently been recognized for its therapeutic potential in metabolic syndrome. This study investigated its antioxidative strength and protective effects on organs in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rodents.

Investigation of redox status in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration in rats.

Aging related reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been linked with neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Experimentally, a condition of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion due to reduced CBF can be induced by permanent bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries (2-vessel occlusion, 2VO) in rats. Since oxidative stress, leading to neuronal apoptosis and death, is one of the mechanisms, which is thought to play a significant role in chronic degenerative neurological disorders, the present study was planned to assess the ROS status by measuring the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes that might occur during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Honey supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive rats elicits antihypertensive effect via amelioration of renal oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and/or maintenance of elevated blood pressure in hypertension. This study investigated the effect of honey on elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It also evaluated the effect of honey on the amelioration of oxidative stress in the kidney of SHR as a possible mechanism of its antihypertensive effect.

Differential responses to blood pressure and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats: effects of antioxidant (honey) treatment.

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and/or complications of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. A combination of these disorders increases the risk of developing cardiovascular events. This study investigated the effects of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; ip)-induced diabetes on blood pressure, oxidative stress and effects of honey on these parameters in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Glibenclamide or metformin combined with honey improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with deterioration of glycemic control and progressive metabolic derangements. This study investigated the effect of honey as an adjunct to glibenclamide or metformin on glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin.

Comparison of antioxidant effects of honey, glibenclamide, metformin, and their combinations in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Hyperglycemia-induced increase in oxidative stress is implicated in diabetic complications. This study investigated the effect of metformin and/or glibenclamide in combination with honey on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers in the kidneys of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were randomized into eight groups of five to seven rats and received distilled water (0.

Antioxidant protective effect of glibenclamide and metformin in combination with honey in pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Hyperglycemia exerts toxic effects on the pancreatic beta-cells. This study investigated the hypothesis that the common antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide and metformin, in combination with tualang honey, offer additional protection for the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats against oxidative stress and damage. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg; ip).

Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of honey supplementation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Objectives: Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic complications. The aims of this study were to investigate whether honey could reduce hyperglycemia and ameliorate oxidative stress in kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (60 mg/kg; i.

Antioxidant protection of Malaysian tualang honey in pancreas of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Glucotoxicity contributes to beta-cell dysfunction through oxidative stress. Our previous study demonstrated that tualang honey ameliorated renal oxidative stress and produced hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. This present study investigated the hypothesis that hypoglycemic effect of tualang honey might partly be due to protection of pancreas against oxidative stress.

Identification of DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay.

Construction of a genetic linkage map is necessary to apply marker-assisted selection tools in a crop improvement program. Except for the recent studies from two laboratories, most of the previous studies have shown little or no DNA polymorphism in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Effect of calcium channel blockers on baroreceptor reflex in anaesthetized cats.

The baroreflex-induced changes in heart rate in chloralose anaesthetized and artificially ventilated cats (2.5-4.0 kg) before and after pretreatment with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were compared.

Novel pyrimidinediones and thiazolidinones as anti depressants.

2-Mercapto-5-[4'-methoxy phenyl thiourea]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (2a-c) prepared by the condensation of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1) with substituted phenyl isothiocyanates. Further on cyclisation with malonic acid in the presence of acetyl chloride gave the corresponding 2-mercapto-5-[3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-thioxo-2-5-dihydro-4, 6-pyrimidionoyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole (3a-c) [sequence: see text]. This on further reaction with substituted aryl aldehydes in presence of zinc chloride gave 2-mercapto-5-[3-(4'-methoxy phenyl)-2'-thioxo-2',5'-dihydro-4',6' -pyrimidionoyl 5'-phenyl carboxaldehyde]-1,3,4- thiadiazole (4a-g) [sequence: see text].

Evidence for a role of inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmission in the cardiovascular effects of intravenously administered verapamil.

The effects of intravenous administration of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on sympathetic stimulation-induced increase in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) have been investigated in chloralose-anaesthetized and artificially-ventilated cats. Verapamil (300 micrograms kg(-1) i.v.

Modification of reserpine-induced emetic response in pigeons by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to elucidate the role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in reserpine-induced emesis in pigeons. Reserpine was found to induce dose-dependent emesis and a 500 micrograms kg-1 dose was found to be the 100% emetic dose. alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and alpha-methylnoradrenaline inhibited the reserpine induced emesis.

Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether clonidine and morphine interact positively to produce analgesia against the low intensity tonic pain represented by the formalin model in rats. Sub-threshold doses of morphine (0.5 mg kg-1) and clonidine (0.

Evidence for verapamil-induced functional inhibition of noradrenergic neurotransmission in vivo.

Contractions of the cat nictitating membrane have been used to explore the effects of calcium channel blockers on neurotransmission in vivo, by comparing the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on contractions of nictitating membrane following either electrical stimulation of the superior cervical ganglion or intravenous injection of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Verapamil (0.3, 0.

Novel effects of MPTP: MAO-B unrelated opioidergic activity in mice.

The presence of opioidergic activity after i.p. injection of N-methyl-4-phenyl tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been investigated in albino mice by studying analgesia and the Straub reaction.

Evidence for a central component in the cardiovascular effects of calcium channel blockers.

The possibility of a central component in the cardiovascular effects of peripherally administered calcium channel blockers has been explored through a comparison of the effects observed after intravenous (i.v.) and intracisternal (i.

Opioid and non-opioid central cardiovascular effects of ketamine.

The cardiovascular responses to ketamine injected intracisternally were examined in chloralose anaesthetized cats. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time intervals after intracisternal injection of drug or saline vehicle. The low doses of ketamine (0.

Mu receptor-serotonin link in opioid induced hyperactivity in mice.

Opioid induced locomotor excitation in mice was studied. Both morphine and fentanyl increased spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). Pentazocine produced a significant inhibition of SLA and also blocked the effects of subsequent morphine and fentanyl, thereby underscoring the importance of mu receptors for the opioid induced enhancement of SLA.

Central alpha-adrenoceptor influence over the cardiovascular reflexes activated by veratrine.

Intravenous veratrine induced alterations in cardiovascular parameters in cats were used as a tool for assessing the influence of central alpha-adrenoceptors over reflex adjustments in the heart rate and blood pressure. Blockade of central alpha 2-adrenoceptors with idazoxan or yohimbine, inhibited, while their activation by clonidine, as also blockade of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, with prazosin, potentiated the veratrine induced bradycardia. The hypotensive effect was relatively unaltered by these treatments.

Lack of in vitro spontaneous activity following axotomy of hamster sensory neurones.

Although peripheral axotomy of dorsal root ganglion cells in mice, rats and cats has been reported to generate spontaneous activity in sensory nerves, we did not find evidence for such activity in the hamster. In vitro, intracellular recording from L6-S1 dorsal root ganglion cells up to 6 weeks after axotomy did not reveal any evidence for either increased membrane excitability or spontaneous activity. Also, in the sciatic nerve-sectioned hamsters, there was a total absence of the self-mutilatory behaviour which has been reported in other rodents.

Angiotensin receptors at the spinal cardiovascular loci.

Intrathecal injection of graded doses of angiotensin elicited a significant, dose-related rise in blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Tachyphylaxis appeared with repeated intrathecal injections but intravenous angiotensin could elicit pressor effects at this stage. Intrathecal administration of saralasin per se, did not affect resting heart rate or blood pressure.

Electrophysiological characteristics of hamster dorsal root ganglion cells and their response to axotomy.

1. The active and passive membrane properties of neurons in the lower lumbar (L6, L7) or sacral (S1) dorsal root ganglia from golden hamsters were examined in vitro by means of conventional intracellular recording techniques. Data were collected from neurons exhibiting action potentials (AP) of 70 mV or more in amplitude.

Axotomy increases the conduction velocity of C-cells in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia.

Axotomy produced an increase in the spike width and a decrease in amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization which followed the action potential in C-cells of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Although no change in B-cell conduction velocity was noted, C-cell conduction velocity increased significantly and approached that of B-cells. This change may reflect a process of dedifferentiation prior to the initiation of regrowth following axotomy.