Memory for rewards guides retrieval.

Rewards paid out for successful retrieval motivate the formation of long-term memory. However, it has been argued that the Motivated Learning Task does not measure reward effects on memory strength but decision-making during retrieval. We report three large-scale online experiments in healthy participants (N = 200, N = 205, N = 187) that inform this debate.

Development of a vortex-assisted switchable-hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for fast and reliable extraction of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from various baby food products.

This manuscript describes the development of a novel liquid phase microextraction (LPME) method for the extraction and determination of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) in various infant/baby food and supplements products. The method is based on vortex-assisted extraction combined with a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) sample preparation. The SHS, which undergoes reversible phase changes triggered by pH change, enables selective extraction and easy phase separation.

Time-dependent change in the microbiota structure of seminal stains exposed to indoor environmental.

Seminal stains acquired from fabric surfaces stand as pivotal biological evidence of utmost significance for elucidating sexual assault cases. The ability to determine the temporal aspect of a forensic incident via the analysis of a biological specimen found at the crime scene is crucial in resolving most cases. This study aimed to investigate the time-dependent change in the microbiota structure of human seminal stains exposed to indoor environmental conditions.

An air-assisted dispersive liquid phase microextraction method based on a hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent for the extraction and preconcentration of melamine from milk and milk-based products.

In the current research, a fast and sustainable air-assisted hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry measurements was optimized for the extraction and determination of melamine in milk and milk-based products. The central composite design was applied for the optimization of factors affecting the recovery of melamine. Quantitative extraction of melamine was achieved using hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvents prepared from a mixture of octanoic acid, aliquat-336, and cobalt(II) chloride.

A retrospective observational cohort study of the clinical epidemiology of bloodstream infections due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in an OXA-48 endemic setting.

This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in an OXA-48-predominant environment. This was a retrospective single-centre cohort study including all consecutive patients with CRKP BSIs treated between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2018. Multivariate analysis, subgroup analysis and propensity-score-matched analysis were employed to analyse 30-day mortality as the primary outcome.

Synthesis of intracellular and extracellular gold nanoparticles with a green machine and its antifungal activity.

Green synthesis method is being increasingly used in the development of safe, stable, and eco-friendly nanostructures with biological resources. In this study, extracellular and intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was carried out using green algae Shihira & R.W.

Comparison of Conventional Methods, Automated Systems, and DNA Sequence Analysis Methods in the Identification of and Bacteria Isolated from Blood and Catheter Culture Samples.

The aim of this study is to compare different methods due to the difficulties in identifying coryneform bacteria to species level and to determine antibiotic resistance profiles. Isolates identified as (:45) by VITEK 2 Compact and (:1) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), isolated from blood and catheter cultures between 2015 and 2017 were included in the study. For identification of the isolates, conventional tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were performed.

Effect of Body Position on Intraocular Pressure Measured by Rebound Tonometer in Healthy Children.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of body position on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement in the pediatric age group.

Materials And Methods: Children whose general condition was healthy and ophthalmic examination was within normal limits were included. Forty-nine eyes of 49 pediatric patients were included in the study.

A silent outbreak due to that co-produced NDM-1 and OXA-48 carbapenemases, and infection control measures.

Objectives: Infections due to carbapenemase-producing are associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this study, we report a hospital outbreak due to co-producing OXA-48 and NDM-1 clone. The aim of the study is to investigate the clonal relationship of strains, risk factors of outbreak and infection control measures.

Removal of food dyes from aqueous solution by chitosan-vermiculite beads.

In this study, Chitosan (Ch)-Vermiculite (V) composite beads material which is a low-cost and naturally effective adsorbent were used for efficient removal of Sunset Yellow FCF (Sy) and Brilliant Blue FCF (Bb) food dyes from aqueous solution. Ch-V composite beads were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, XRD and PZC analysis. The adsorbent properties of Ch-V composite beads for Sy and Bb dyes were evaluated in terms of pH, concentration, kinetic (time) and thermodynamic (temperature) of adsorption.

Relationship between nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 variants and severity of acute pancreatitis.

Background And Aim: Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the development of infectious complications of acute pancreatitis. Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization DomainContaining Protein 2 (NOD2) plays an important role in the proper functioning of intestinal defense mechanisms. Here, we investigated the frequency of NOD2 variants in patients with mild and severe acute pancreatitis.

Effective UO removal from aqueous solutions using lichen biomass as a natural and low-cost biosorbent.

The UO biosorption properties of a lichen, Evernia prunastri, from aqueous solutions were investigated. The widely occurring lichen samples were collected from the forest in Bilecik-Turkey. The UO biosorption onto lichen was characterized by FT-IR and SEM-EDX analysis techniques before and after biosorption.

Perceptions of Turkish health professional students toward the effects of the internet of things (IOT) technology in the future.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of Turkish health professional students toward the effects of IoT technology.

Background: The twenty-first century has a potential for social, cultural, economic and even political changes due to technological developments. Students should be aware of new technological trends that will influence their profession in the future to be ready for them.

[Co-production of OXA-48 and NDM-1 Carbapenemases in Providencia rettgeri: the first report].

Our country is the epicenter of the OXA-48-like carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella and Escherichia coli; and in the recent years, the concern has been increasing due to both spreading of this resistance to other members of Enterobacteriaceae family and acquiring other carbapenemases by the OXA-48-producing strains. In this study, OXA-48 and NDM-1 co-production was presented in Providencia rettgeri. Two P.

Hospital Outbreak of a Colistin-Resistant, NDM-1- and OXA-48-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: High Mortality from Pandrug Resistance.

Colistin resistance causes substantial problems in the treatment of serious infections with carbapenem-resistant (CR) gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we report a fatal hospital outbreak from the spread of a pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clone. An outbreak investigation was conducted after consecutive isolation of nine CR-K.

Clinical Strains of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. Isolated from Pediatric Patients in a University Hospital: Performance of MALDI-TOF MS-Based Identification, Antimicrobial Susceptibilities, and Baseline Patient Characteristics.

Our objective was to evaluate the performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for identification of the Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. isolated from pediatric patients at Hacettepe University Hospital using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as the gold standard and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates and baseline characteristics of patients. All stored Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp.

Prevalence of Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis, in vulvovaginal candidiasis: First Turkish Candida africana isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Introduction: Candida africana and C. dubliniensis are closely related species of C. albicans.

[Femoral hemodialysis catheter-related bacteremia due to Globicatella sanguinis: challenges in species identification].

In this case, catheter-related bacteremia due to Globicatella sanguinis in a 43 years old female patient undergoing hemodialysis with the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy was presented and the methods in the laboratory diagnosis of the rare opportunistic pathogen, Globicatella cins, were nvestigated. A set of peripheral blood cultures and simultaneous catheter culture was obtained from the patient in third of May 2016. Biochemical tests, Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, USA) and MicroScan (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based Microflex MS (Bruker, Daltonics, Germany) and VITEK MS (database v2.

Systemic nocardiosis in a dog caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica.

Background: Systemic nocardiosis due to Nocardia cyriacigeorgica has not been reported in dogs.

Case Presentation: Light and electron microscopy, microbiological culture and molecular identification (PCR) were used to diagnose systemic nocardiosis caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in a 3-month-old husky dog. The postmortem changes included multifocal to coalescing, sharply circumscribed pyogranulomatous inflammation and abscess formation in lungs, liver, myocardium, spleen, kidneys, brain, and hilar lymph nodes.

Evaluation of the Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria in Comparison with the RAPIDEC CARBA NP.

Timely detection of carbapenemases by both phenotypic and genotypic methods is essential for developing strategies to control the spread of infections by carbapenem-resistant isolates and related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a commercial kit, the RAPIDEC CARBA NP, and an in-house technique, the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), against a panel of 136 carbapenemase- and noncarbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. RAPIDEC CARBA NP displayed 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas the sensitivity and specificity were 78% and 100% for the CIM test, respectively.

[Evaluation of the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance in clinical samples].

Rapid and accurate detection of active tuberculosis (TB) cases is one of the most important goal of tuberculosis control programme. For this purpose, new methods are being developed to isolate, serotype and determine the drug resistance of the agent. Xpert MTB/RIF test (CepheidGeneXpert® System, USA) that has been recently developed, is a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method which detects Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and resistance of the strain to rifampicin (RIF) from the clinical sample directly within a couple of hours.

High mercury seafood consumption associated with fatigue at specialty medical clinics on Long Island, NY.

We investigated the association between seafood consumption and symptoms related to potential mercury toxicity in patients presenting to specialty medical clinics at Stony Brook Medical Center on Long Island, New York. We surveyed 118 patients from April-August 2012 about their seafood consumption patterns, specifically how frequently they were eating each type of fish, to assess mercury exposure. We also asked about symptoms associated with mercury toxicity including depression, fatigue, balance difficulties, or tingling around the mouth.