Estimation of Seasonal Quality-Adjusted Life-Year Using Seemingly Unrelated Regression Equation Models With an Application to Orthopedic Data.

Objectives: The technological advancement in the field of orthopedics has initiated better healthcare service that equates to the need of cost-effectiveness approach. We propose a model for estimating the simultaneous effect of health and cost involved in an orthopedic surgery implants by using seemingly unrelated regression equations models.

Methods: The simultaneous equations represent a relationship between the health status of a group of individuals and their expenditures related to the cost of surgical procedure/treatment undertaken in an orthopedic department of a hospital.

A new extension of state-space SIR model to account for Underreporting - An application to the COVID-19 transmission in California and Florida.

In the absence of sufficient testing capacity for COVID-19, a substantial number of infecteds are expected to remain undetected. Since the undetected cases are not quarantined, they can be expected to transmit the infection at a much higher rate than their quarantined counterparts. That is, in the absence of extensive random testing, the actual prevalence and incidence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection can be significantly higher than that being reported.

A Study Comparing Cost-Effectiveness of Combination Therapy for Preventing Opportunistic Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Objectives: India is going through an epidemiologic and demographic transition made possible by increased investment in health sector and sustained development. The country has more than 2 million people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Information on cost-effectiveness of competing interventions is a useful contributor to decisions concerning allocation and prioritization of healthcare resources.

Modelling and forecasting Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores to achieve remission using time series analysis.

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a chronic mental condition. The objective of this study is to apply time series modelling to Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores of outpatients with schizophrenia, observed at regular intervals of time, and hence forecast the number of visits required to reach remission.

Methods: A retrospective data of outpatients diagnosed with chronic paranoid-type schizophrenia were extracted from the records of outpatient department of a tertiary hospital in New Delhi, India.

Changing patterns of cardiovascular risk factors and heart related sickness in relation with acute myocardial infarction in Delhi, India.

In this article an attempt has been made to investigate the 10-year trend of cardiovascular risk factors and common heart related sickness including angina, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure, and to study the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and heart related sickness on time between two acute myocardial infarctions. Chi-square test showed that in comparison to two 5-year study periods, the proportion of smoking, arrhythmias and congestive heart failure increased significantly in the second 5-year study period and the proportion of hypertension decreased significantly in the second 5-year study period. Moreover, with regard to occurrence of myocardial infarction under the age of 45 years, the prevalence decreased significantly in the second 5-year period.

On the estimation of survival and death probabilities under myocardial infarctions in the presence of competing risks based on an illness-death model.

This paper is concerned with the development of an illness-death model for the study of survivability of heart patients. The Myocardial Infarctions (MI) experienced in heart disease have been categorized as fatal and nonfatal. Fatal MI's are easily recognizable and identified and are always reported in the case history of the patient suffering from heart disease whereas non-fatal MI's are not easily identified and are rarely reported in the case history of the patient.

A comprehensive study on survival trend in Iranian patients with HIV infection and variations according to age and mode of transmission: a 14-year follow-up study.

One of the epidemiological descriptor of a fatal infectious disease is the time it takes from infection to death or the survival period. The present study has focused on trend in survival and death of Iranian nonhemophiliac HIV patients from 1988 to 2002 and has estimated the nonparametric distribution of the survival function of HIV patients with respect to different variables of interest, like mode of transmission, gender and age at the time of diagnosis.

A study of cardiovascular risk factors in Delhi, India.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability of adults in urban and rural India, and occurs at younger age than in western populations. In this paper an attempt has been made to determine the risk factors for non- fatal AMI among Indian men and women and to study the difference in proportion of risk factors by taking non- AMI group along with healthy group as controls. Mantel Haenzel test showed that while comparing AMI with non-AMI group, diabetes mellitus (p < 0.

Evaluation of the WHO clinical case definition of AIDS among children in India.

The need of a clinical case definition (CCD) for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was felt by public health agencies to monitor diseases resulting from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To test the statistical significance of the existing World Health Organization (WHO) CCD for the diagnosis of AIDS in areas where diagnostic resources are limited in India, a prospective study was conducted in the Paediatrics department at Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi.

Nonparametric estimation of survival function of HIV+ patients with doubly censored data.

In the analysis of follow-up studies of patients who have been or may be infected by the Type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which causes the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), one problem of interest is the estimation of distribution of the survival function when the origin and end points defining the survival time suffer interval censoring. In this paper, we have compared Kaplan-Meier, midpoint estimation and sun (1997), by analysis of a cohort study data of Iranian Injecting Drug Users (IDU) who became HIV infected through the using common infected syringe.

Behavioural disorders in 6-11-year-old, HIV-infected Indian children.

Background: HIV-infected children are at risk of behaviour problems. The transition of HIV from an acute, lethal disease to survival with sub-acute, chronic disease has enormous implications for the psychosocial development and requirement for support of affected children and families.

Aim: To study the behavioural patterns and factors responsible for psychiatric disorders among HIV-infected and uninfected children in the age group 6-11 years.

On the construction of clinical life table for studying the survivability of diagnosed AIDS cases.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to estimate the various survival functions of clinically diagnosed AIDS cases by the life table method. The actuarial life table method has already been applied to clinical data for many decades. To exhibit computations for the clinical life table, we have used the clinical data gathered on diagnosed 731 male and female AIDS patients recorded from Dec.

Role of HCV coinfection towards disease progression and survival in HIV-1 infected children: a follow-up study of 10 years.

The present study was taken up to evaluate the pattern of disease progression and survival in a group of HIV-1 positive children, coinfected with HCV infection (n=25) in comparison to those without such coinfection (n=23). There was a significant negative correlation between the rate of decline of the CD4 + T cell percentage and the duration of the AIDS-free interval in most (80.0 per cent) of the HCV seropositive children showing such decline (r=-0.

Survival pattern of reported HIV infected individuals in the city of Delhi (India).

There is very little data on the survival period of HIV in India. In this paper survival experience of 836 HIV infected patients was studied whose illness was diagnosed upto Dec. 2003.