Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 1,502 couples in the immediate puerperium.

Background: Historically, perinatal depression has predominantly focussed on the mother-baby dyad, often neglecting the crucial role of fathers.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms in the immediate puerperium (PDS) in both mothers and fathers, individually and concurrently.

Method: This study employed a cross-sectional design.

Prader-Willi syndrome in a large sample from Spain: general features, obesity and regular use of psychotropic medication.

Background: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetically determined disorder, the most frequent cause of early onset obesity, is associated with physical and cognitive dysfunctions and behavioural disturbances; these disturbances are frequently treated with psychotropic medication. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the characteristics of the first large national sample of persons with PWS in Spain and analyse the relationships of those characteristics with key demographic and clinical factors, particularly with obesity and the regular use of psychotropic medication.

Methods: Participants were recruited among all members of the Spanish Prader-Willi Association who agreed to take part in the study and fulfilled its inclusion criteria.

Host space, not energy or symbiont size, constrains feather mite abundance across passerine bird species.

Comprehending symbiont abundance among host species is a major ecological endeavour, and the metabolic theory of ecology has been proposed to understand what constrains symbiont populations. We parameterized metabolic theory equations to investigate how bird species' body size and the body size of their feather mites relate to mite abundance according to four potential energy (uropygial gland size) and space constraints (wing area, total length of barbs and number of feather barbs). Predictions were compared with the empirical scaling of feather mite abundance across 106 passerine bird species (26,604 individual birds sampled), using phylogenetic modelling and quantile regression.

A Systematic Review of Clozapine Concentration-Dose Ratio from Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Studies in Children and Adolescents Treated with Clozapine for Mental Disorders.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring of clozapine in children and adolescents has received insufficient attention. Calculation of concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratios from trough steady-state concentrations estimate drug clearance.

Methods: A systematic electronic literature search was conducted in 3 article databases from inception until January 10, 2023, and articles reporting clozapine concentrations in children and adolescents were retrieved.

THE HEALING POWER OF TALK THERAPY.

The Word (λόγος or logos in Greek, verbum in Latin) is an exclusive attribute of a rational animal such as the human, who shares non-verbal language with other animal species.

Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in adults with unipolar or bipolar depression versus healthy controls: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To study differences in oxidative stress markers and antioxidants among patients with bipolar depression (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD).

Methods: Data sources. Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane Library/Scopus/TripDatabase database search until 30/06/2021.

Features Associated With Depressive Predominant Polarity and Early Illness Onset in Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of three possible diagnostic specifiers, namely predominant polarity (PP) throughout illness, polarity of the first episode and early age at onset, in a sample of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and their association with important socio-demographic, clinical and course-of-illness variables. A retrospective and naturalistic study on 108 BD outpatients, who were classified according to the PP, polarity of the first episode and early age at onset (≤ 20 years) [vs. late (>20 years)] and were characterized by their demographics, clinical data, functionality and social support, among others features.

Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in patients with bipolar disorder: Results from a meta-analysis comparing patients, including stratification by polarity and euthymic status, with healthy controls.

Objective: To investigate oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane-Library/Scopus/TripDatabase search until 06/30/2019 for studies comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between BD and healthy controls (HCs). Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for ≥3 studies.

Illness Insight and Medication Adherence Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with illness insight and medication adherence in bipolar disorder (BD). This is a cross-sectional study (with a retrospective evaluation of longitudinal variables) and a secondary analysis of a BD database. The insight of 108 outpatients (age, 48.

Quality of life, anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with psoriasis: A case-control study.

Objective: To compare quality of life (QoL), anxiety and depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption and other correlates between patients with psoriasis and controls; and to identify features of psoriasis associated with lower levels of QoL.

Method: Case-control study including 70 subjects with moderate-severe psoriasis and 140 controls without psoriasis. All participants answered the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), with physical and mental component scores of quality of life, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Disordered eating behaviors among Christian and Muslim adolescents in Ceuta, a multicultural town.

Studies on disordered eating behaviors (DEB) in multicultural populations with multiple religious/cultural affiliations are needed in order to clarify the relationship between cultural background and DEB. Therefore, we compared the presence of DEB among Christian and Muslim adolescents who share their school environment, controlling for the effect of body mass index, demographic variables and lifestyle habits. A sample of 493 girls and boys (339 Christian, 138 Muslim) whose mean (±SD) age was 14.

Temperament traits and remission of depression: A naturalistic six-month longitudinal study.

Background: The aim of this naturalistic longitudinal study was to add evidence regarding the potential of Cloninger's temperament traits (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) for predicting the effect of pharmacological treatment on the rates of therapeutic response and remission.

Methods: The study was based on 200 outpatients with unipolar depressive disorders of different severity and course of illness, and extended up to 6 months of follow-up. Patients were assessed in their temperament with the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) and their condition was classified (in course and severity) according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision (ICD-10) diagnostic criteria for research.

Temporal sequencing of nicotine dependence and major depressive disorder: A U.S. national study.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Nicotine dependence (ND) often co-occur. However, little attention has been given to the temporal order between the two disorders. We compared the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals whose onset of ND preceded (ND-prior) or followed the onset of MDD (MDD-prior).

Factors associated with psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations across the world.

We systematically review factors associated with the presence of psychological distress or common mental disorders in migrant populations. Articles published between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed and 85 applying multivariate statistical analysis were selected. Common mental disorders were significantly associated with socio-demographic and psychological characteristics, as observed in large epidemiological studies on general populations.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in patients with major depressive disorder compared to healthy controls before and after antidepressant treatment: results from a meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in depression.

Data Sources: We searched the literature without language restrictions through MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Fisterra, and Galenicom from database inception until December 31, 2013, supplemented by a hand search of relevant articles. Search terms included (1) oxidative stress, antioxidant*, nitrosative stress, nitrative stress, nitro-oxidative stress, free radical*, and names of individual oxidative stress markers/antioxidants and (2) depression and related disorders and antidepressant.

Childhood trauma as a risk factor for psychosis: A sib-pair study.

Background: Childhood trauma, cannabis use and certain personality traits have been related to the development of psychosis. This study uses a sib-pair design to examine the association between childhood trauma and psychosis controlling for cannabis use and neuroticism.

Methods: We evaluated 60 patient-sibling pairs, conformed by patients with functional psychosis in the first five years of their illness matched with a non-psychotic sibling.

Caffeine consumption in a long-term psychiatric hospital: Tobacco smoking may explain in large part the apparent association between schizophrenia and caffeine use.

This study further explores the association between schizophrenia and caffeine use by combining two prior published Spanish samples (250 schizophrenia outpatients and 290 controls from the general population) with two Spanish long-term inpatient samples from the same hospital (145 with schizophrenia and 64 with other severe mental illnesses). The specific aims were to establish whether or not, after controlling for confounders including tobacco smoking, the association between schizophrenia and caffeine is consistent across schizophrenia samples and across different definitions of caffeine use. The frequency of caffeine use in schizophrenia inpatients was not significantly higher than that in non-schizophrenia inpatients (77%, 111/145 vs.

World region of origin and common mental disorders among migrant women in Spain.

Migration can affect the mental health of migrants. This cross-sectional study has two objectives: (1) to compare the prevalence of common mental disorder (CMD) between migrants (n = 458) living in Granada (Spain) and Spanish-born women (n = 448); (2) within migrants, to analyse the associations of world region of origin, other sociodemographic factors and post-migration features with the presence of CMD. Participants answered a questionnaire, including sociodemographic characteristics, post-migration features and CMD that was measured by Kessler K6-scale.

Phosphate levels as a possible state marker in panic disorder: preliminary study of a feasible laboratory measure for routine clinical practice.

Objective: Low serum phosphate level is considered one of the metabolic adaptations to the respiratory alkalosis induced by hyperventilation associated with panic disorder. The aim of this study was to assess phosphatemia as a possible state marker for panic disorder.

Methods: Sixteen panic disorder patients underwent clinical assessment with a semi-structured interview, a set of rating scales and the self-rated State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), as well as extraction of venous blood samples at baseline and after 12 weeks of pharmacological treatment.

Dose-response effect between cannabis use and psychosis liability in a non-clinical population: evidence from a snowball sample.

This study aimed to explore the associations between daily cannabis use and the specific profiles of subclinical symptoms in a non-clinical population obtained through snowball sampling, taking into account alcohol use, other drug use, social exclusion and age at onset of cannabis use. We included 85 daily cannabis users and 100 non-daily cannabis users. Both the case and the control populations were identified by snowball sampling.

Weight gain and increase of body mass index among children and adolescents treated with antipsychotics: a critical review.

We performed an updated review of the available literature on weight gain and increase of body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents treated with antipsychotic medications. A PubMed search was conducted specifying the following MeSH terms: (antipsychotic agents) hedged with (weight gain) or (body mass index). We selected 127 reports, including 71 intervention trials, 42 observational studies and 14 literature reviews.

Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and personality in patients attending a primary health center.

Personality influences lifestyle behaviors, and particularly dietary behavior. The possible association of personality with adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern (MDP) has not been reported. The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association of personality traits with adherence to the MDP, controlling for sociodemographic variables, presence of chronic illnesses, minor psychiatric morbidity, body mass index (BMI), daily smoking, and physical activity.

The duration of untreated psychosis is associated with social support and temperament.

The duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been suggested to be a modifiable factor influencing psychosis outcome. There are many studies on the factors that predict DUP, although with contradictory findings. Although temperament has been associated with seeking help in other pathologies, studies about how temperament influences DUP are lacking.