[Pathogenetic mechanisms of phantom-pain syndrome].

This review considers the literature data on the epidemiology of phantom-pain syndrome (PPS) presents the results of numerous clinical studies demonstrating the lack of effectiveness of the vast majority of modem non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods of treatment of PPS. Detail presents data on the patho genetic mechanisms underlying the PPS. According to most researchers, the major role in the patho genesis of the PPS has the reorganization of the somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex of the brain.

[The importance of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in the perception of acute and chronic pain].

This review presents the current data in the literature about the importance of the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain in the perception of acute and chronic pain. Discussed the importance of various areas of the brain in perception discriminative and affective components of pain. Discusses also gender differences in pain perception depending on the functional activity of brain cortex and antinociceptive subcortical structures.

[Effect of chemical sympathectomy on the processes of postnatal axon myelination].

Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis has proved the role of sympathetic innervation in postnatal myelinization of motor nerve axons. Sympathectomy in early postnatal period of rats inhibits myelinization. This affects structure of effectors and neuromuscular contacts.

[Ultrastructural features of muscle spindle organization in a replanted limb].

It has been shown that in a month after replantation of extremity the muscle fibres survive. Some of them have got good safety, in others--destructive-degenerative changes prevail. The reinnervation processes were not perfect because of the disturbance of axon-Schwann interrelations and as a result of this--the presence of the degenerative forms of Schwann cells.

[Analysis of the causes of incomplete structural and functional restoration of the skeletal muscles after severe traumatic injury to the limb (ultrastructural study)].

The work is concerned with light-optic and ultrastructural analysis of the causes of incomplete structural and functional restoration of skeletal muscles after extensive trauma and replantation of the limb. It was found that posttraumatic myogenesis was limited due to change of some of the satellite cells from the myogenic type of development to differentiation with the formation of fibroblast-like cells. In distinction from the embryonal cells, the myoblasts form the surrounding basal membranes earlier which prevents their fusion and the formation of the myosymplast.

[Features of the structural-functional organization of muscles of replanted rat limb].

The article characterizes the structural-functional organization of fast and slow muscles of replanted rat limb by methods of light-optic, ultrastructural, and morphometric analysis. The results of the study allowed a conclusion to be drawn that the initial organization of the muscles is not restored in the late terms after replantation. New structural-functional units form in them which differ from the initial system of functioning and vitality provision.

[Characteristics of the course of regeneration process in the muscles of replanted rat extremities].

The analysis of the changes in the muscles of replanted terminals in early and late stages was made by the method of electron microscopy. In early stages neurogenic atrophy was observed which progressed due to the destructive-regenerative process caused by incomplete innervation, deepening microcirculatory disorders and, likely, autoimmune reactions.

[Neurohistochemical and ultrastructural study of the adrenergic innervation of the wall of the rat posterior vena cava during chronic venous hypertension caused by experimental oleothorax].

Chronic venous hypertension in rats was provoked by injection of polymethyloxane into the pleural cavity. Hypertrophy of muscular tissue was accompanied by reconstitution of adrenergic nervous structures. In the early stages (up to 40 days), the changes in the latter are reactive in nature: first there occurs a weakening of luminescence, rare-fraction of the network and then "hyperneuria".