The second phase of tumor invasion driven by immune cells: A study on doxorubicin-loaded PLG nanoparticles.

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles loaded with doxorubicin have reached phase-I clinical trials for treating advanced solid tumors. This study explores cell hitchhiking, where nanoparticles associate with blood cells and investigates the impact on pharmacokinetics and tumor migration. Previous findings highlighted the early post-injection phase dominated by nonspecific nanoparticle-cell interactions and burst release.

Beta-Amyloid and Its Asp7 Isoform: Morphological and Aggregation Properties and Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration.

Background/objectives: One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of aggregated beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein in the form of senile plaques within brain tissue. Senile plaques contain various post-translational modifications of Aβ, including prevalent isomerization of Asp7 residue. The Asp7 isomer has been shown to exhibit increased neurotoxicity and induce amyloidogenesis in brain tissue of transgenic mice.

The Role of BDNF in the Antidepressant Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment method for depression therapy. It produces a number of biological effects, including neurotrophic factors regulation. In the present paper, we investigated the ECT response in depressed rats subjected to the variable frequency ultrasound (20-45 kHz) and examined the contribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression changes to the observed effects.

Chronic Ultrasound Prenatal Stress Altered the Brain's Neurochemical Systems in Newborn Rats.

Prenatal stress (PS) affects the development and functioning of the central nervous system, but the exact mechanisms underpinning this effect have not been pinpointed yet. A promising model of PS is one based on chronic exposure of pregnant rodents to variable-frequency ultrasound (US PS), as it mimics the PS with a psychic nature that most adequately captures the human stressors in modern society. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of US PS on the brain neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and neurotrophic systems of newborn Wistar rats.

[The relationship of cytochrome P450 isoforms with the efficacy and safety of antipsychotic and antidepressant therapy].

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is the leading enzyme in the biotransformation of most psychotropic drugs. CYP450 gene polymorphisms determine a patient's endophenotype with respect to the activity of enzymes of the family and affect the metabolism of prescribed antipsychotics and antidepressants. Categorizing patients by endophenotype during genotyping is likely to help simplify the selection of therapy in clinical practice.

Ultrasound-Induced Prenatal Stress: New Possibilities for Modeling Mental Disorders.

The development of animal models of mental disorders is an important task since such models are useful for studying the neurobiological mechanisms of psychopathologies and for trial of new therapeutic drugs. One way to model pathologies of the nervous system is to impair fetal neurodevelopment through stress of the pregnant future mother, or prenatal stress (PS). The use of variable frequency ultrasound (US) in rodents is a promising method of imitating psychological stress, to which women in modern society are most often subjected.

Alteration of Blood Immune Biomarkers in MCI Patients with Different Genotypes after Cognitive Training: A 1 Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

Many studies aim to detect the early phase of dementia. One of the major ways to achieve this is to identify corresponding biomarkers, particularly immune blood biomarkers. The objective of this study was to identify such biomarkers in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in an experiment that included cognitive training.

Localized Increased Permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier for Antibody Conjugates in the Cuprizone Model of Demyelination.

The development of new neurotherapeutics depends on appropriate animal models being chosen in preclinical studies. The cuprizone model is an effective tool for studying demyelination and remyelination processes in the brain, but blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in the cuprizone model is still a topic for debate. Several publications claim that the BBB remains intact during cuprizone-induced demyelination; others demonstrate results that could explain the increased BBB permeability.

Inflammatory biomarkers and lipid metabolism parameters in women with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

The detection of specific markers of dementia and mild cognitive decline (MCI) could be the key to disease prevention and forehanded treatment. Female gender is one of the major risk factor for dementia. The aim of our study was to compare serum concentration of some factors related to lipid metabolism and the immune system in patients with MCI and dementia.

[Extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and therapy of gliomas: problems and opportunities].

Glioblastoma is a primary brain tumor and one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms. The prognosis remains poor with a short survival period after diagnosis even in the case of timely detection and early treatment with the use of advanced chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical treatment. In this regard, the research of the main pathogenetic links in the glioblastoma development continues.

Preparation of Protein Aerogel Particles for the Development of Innovative Drug Delivery Systems.

The research was oriented towards the preparation of aerogel particles based on egg white and whey protein isolate using various dispersion methods: dripping, spraying, and homogenization. Based on the results of analytical studies, the most appropriate samples were selected to obtain aerogels loaded with the drug. The results of the experimental research were used to study methods for obtaining nasal drug delivery systems based on aerogels.

Intranasal neuropeptide Y is most effective in some aspects of acute stress compared to melatonin, oxytocin and orexin.

In the current study, we compared the effects of a single intranasal administration of clomipramine with effects of four neuropeptides, melatonin, oxytocin, orexin, and neuropeptide Y, to compare them in an acute stress model. The anti-stress effect was evaluated in the sucrose preference and forced swimming tests. Serum corticosterone level in rats was measured to evaluate the stress response.

Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in the Brain: Common Pathogenetic Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Mental Disorders.

Mental disorders represent common brain diseases characterized by substantial impairments of social and cognitive functions. The neurobiological causes and mechanisms of psychopathologies still have not been definitively determined. Various forms of brain proteinopathies, which include a disruption of protein conformations and the formation of protein aggregates in brain tissues, may be a possible cause behind the development of psychiatric disorders.

Positive Effect of Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Different Genotypes and COVID-19 History: A 1-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Older people suffer from cognitive decline; several risk factors contribute to greater cognitive decline. We used acquired (COVID-19 infection) and non-modifiable (presence of rs429358 and rs7412 polymorphisms) factors to study the progression of subjective cognitive impairment while observing patients for one year. Cognitive training was used as a protective factor.

[Effects of diet on the gut microbiome in patients with depression].

Objective: To investigate the effects of diet on the gut microbiota and to assess the relationship of these factors with depression.

Material And Methods: Microorganisms that predominate in depressed patients were identified and associations of the identified organisms with the patients' diet were performed. Fourteen depressed patients and 14 healthy volunteers with the same socio-demographic parameters were included in the study.

Neurobiological Highlights of Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders.

This review is focused on several psychiatric disorders in which cognitive impairment is a major component of the disease, influencing life quality. There are plenty of data proving that cognitive impairment accompanies and even underlies some psychiatric disorders. In addition, sources provide information on the biological background of cognitive problems associated with mental illness.

Plasma Neurotrophic Factor Levels are not Associated with the Severity of Depression: Prospective Pilot Study.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses. Impaired neurogenesis is observed in depression. Biomarkers of impaired neurogenesis in depression can act as a useful objective and diagnostic and prognostic tool to determine the severity of depression.

Brain Metabolic Profile after Intranasal vs. Intraperitoneal Clomipramine Treatment in Rats with Ultrasound Model of Depression.

Background: Molecular mechanisms of depression remain unclear. The brain metabolome after antidepressant therapy is poorly understood and had not been performed for different routes of drug administration before the present study. Rats were exposed to chronic ultrasound stress and treated with intranasal and intraperitoneal clomipramine.

[Dendritic cell vaccines in neurological oncology].

Dendritic cell-based vaccines are an intensively studied active immunotherapy technology. Aim of this article is to review the results of the key clinical studies of such vaccines in the treatment of neuro-oncological diseases. Their effectiveness was studied most widely in the treatment of malignant glial tumors, the study went from experimental work to phase III clinical studies, preliminary results of which indicate some positive results of this immunotherapy method in adults.

[Neurotransmitter mechanisms of paraphilic disorders].

Aim: To investigate serotonin and catecholamine levels in people with paraphilic disorders and identify correlations between transmitter dysfunction and clinical signs of paraphilic disorders.

Material And Methods: Fifteen men with paraphilic disorders were studied using clinical-psychopathological, sexological, biochemical and statistical methods.

Results: There were an increase in the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine and a decrease in the concentration of DOPAC (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) in the urine of patients with paraphilic disorders.