Lake Erie ice is a repository of organisms.

Organism abundance and diversity were assessed in Lake Erie ice samples using sequences derived from a combined metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis. The 68,417 unique sequences were from Bacteria (77.5%), Eukarya (22.

Soil organic carbon, aggregation and fungi community after 44 years of no-till and cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA.

Implementing sustainable agricultural land management practices such as no-till (NT) and diversified crops are important for maintaining soil health properties. This study focuses on the soil health of three long-term (44 years) tillage systems, NT, reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT), in monoculture winter wheat-fallow (W-F) (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-soybean (W-S) (Glycine max (L.

Suppressor Mutations in Type II Secretion Mutants of Vibrio cholerae: Inactivation of the VesC Protease.

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a conserved transport pathway responsible for the secretion of a range of virulence factors by many pathogens, including Disruption of the T2SS genes in results in loss of secretion, changes in cell envelope function, and growth defects. While T2SS mutants are viable, high-throughput genomic analyses have listed these genes among essential genes. To investigate whether secondary mutations arise as a consequence of T2SS inactivation, we sequenced the genomes of six T2SS mutants with deletions or insertions in either the , , or genes and identified secondary mutations in all mutants.

Metatranscriptomic and Metagenomic Analysis of Biological Diversity in Subglacial Lake Vostok (Antarctica).

A combined metatranscriptomic and metagenomic study of Vostok (Antarctica) ice core sections from glacial, basal, and lake water accretion ice yielded sequences that indicated a wide variety of species and possible conditions at the base of the glacier and in subglacial Lake Vostok. Few organisms were in common among the basal ice and accretion ice samples, suggesting little transmission of viable organisms from the basal ice meltwater into the lake water. Additionally, samples of accretion ice, each of which originated from water in several locations of the shallow embayment, exhibit only small amounts of mixing of species.

Influence of pH on the balance between methanogenesis and iron reduction.

Methanogenesis and iron reduction play major roles in determining global fluxes of greenhouse gases. Despite their importance, environmental factors that influence their interactions are poorly known. Here, we present evidence that pH significantly influences the balance between each reaction in anoxic environments that contain ferric (oxyhydr)oxide minerals.

[Immunoglobulin skin and renal deposits in patients with IgA nephropathy and Schonlein-Henoch purpura].

Skin biopsy was performed in 17 of 27 children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and 45 of 62 children with Schönlein-Henoch purpura (SHP). Renal biopsy was done in all patients with IgAN and in 51 of 62 with SHP. There was no correlation between presentation of immunological deposits in skin and renal biopsy.

[Clinical course and treatment results of IgA nephropathy in children].

The clinical course as well as the effects of the treatment in 27 children suffering from IgA nephropathy were followed in this study. The observation period lasted from 1.5 to 15.

[Results of the treatment of steroid-resistant and steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome with pulsed doses of prednisolone].

In 12 children with steroid-resistant and 17 with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome massive doses of prednisolone were used in intravenous infusions ("pulses"). In 8 children with steroid-resistant and 9 with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome very good or good results were obtained. The authors suppose that in a part of the children previous ineffectiveness of this immunosuppressive treatment could have been due to insufficient dosage.

[Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in children with IgA nephropathy].

Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed in 5 out of 14 children with IgA nephropathy. It was steroid responsive in two children. Clinical course of the disease was characterized by multiple recurrencies and variable response to steroid therapy.

Prognostic significance of certain factors in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.

The prognostic significance of certain factors in the outcome of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) was evaluated. Seventy-three children with HUS were observed; 35 recovered without residual abnormalities, 6 had normal renal function with hypertension (HT) and/or urinary abnormalities, 5 had chronic renal failure, 1 child required chronic dialysis treatment, 4 children died of end-stage renal failure, and 22 died of acute renal failure (ARF). To identify the risk factors which influence prognosis, a logistic discrimination method was used to analyse the clinical and laboratory data.