Retinoid X receptor agonist 9CDHRA mitigates retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of glaucoma.

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve damage, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors crucial for neuroprotection, as they regulate gene expression to promote neuronal survival via several biochemical networks and reduce neuroinflammation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), an endogenous retinoid RXR agonist, in mitigating RGC degeneration in a high-IOP-induced experimental model of glaucoma.

A New Paradigm in Hospital Medicine: Evaluating the Effects of Geographical Cohorting on Health Care Delivery.

Background: Geographical cohorting in hospital settings represents a significant shift from traditional patient rounding practices and aims to enhance the efficiency of health care delivery. This model assigns hospitalists to a particular inpatient unit, where most of their patients are located. While this model has several benefits, including streamlining health care procedures, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering better provider communication, its implementation is not without its challenges.

Utilizing Narrow Band Imaging for Early Detection of Recurrence in Follow-Up Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Curative Intent Using Radiotherapy/Chemo-Radiotherapy: Enhancing Detection and Patient Outcomes.

Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancer in developing countries. Most of the patients present with advanced disease and requires rigorous treatment. Routine follow up of the patient is required to detect any recurrence which will substantially affect overall survival of the patient.

Chest X-Ray Features of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in Pediatric Population; A Prospective Study in High-Endemic Area.

Objective: To identify chest X-ray (CXR) characteristic of Pediatric pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in comparison to drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) for early identification and treatment of DRTB.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which CXR patterns of DS and DR patients aged 1 month to 18 years were categorized into different variants including pleural effusion, cavity lesion, hilar or mediastinal lymph node (LN), consolidation, pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, miliary TB, nodular shadow, and collapse. The consensus between the pulmonary physician and radiologist was measured using weighted kappa test.

Embracing the Transoral Parapharyngeal Space Surgery (TOPPSS).

Transoral Parapharyngeal Space Surgery (TOPPSS) is often opted by surgeons for parapharyngeal tumors. But its broad implementation is curtailed by limited exposure and the potential for various complications to arise. In this article, authors have outlined the 'DK et al.

Giant Parathyroid Adenoma Causing Dyspnea: A Rare Clinical Presentation.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder with muti-system involvement. The clinical condition is dealt by multi-speciality department. Parathyroid adenoma is the principal cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Pelabresib plus ruxolitinib for JAK inhibitor-naive myelofibrosis: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors provide limited depth and durability of response in myelofibrosis. We evaluated pelabresib-a bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitor-plus ruxolitinib (a JAK inhibitor) compared with placebo plus ruxolitinib as first-line therapy. In this phase 3 study (MANIFEST-2), JAK inhibitor-naive patients with myelofibrosis were randomized 1:1 to pelabresib 125 mg once daily (QD; 50-175 mg QD permitted) for 14 days followed by a 7-day break (21-day cycle), or to placebo in combination with ruxolitinib 10 or 15 mg twice daily (BID; 5 mg QD-25 mg BID permitted).

Exploring patient and health care provider perspectives on barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening in public health facilities in North India.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), can be prevented with early detection and timely intervention. DR is asymptomatic in its early stages, highlighting the importance of screening for accurate referral and effective management. Multiple barriers impede access to diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS), creating significant public health challenges in regions with high DM prevalence.

Genomic Profiling of Driver Gene Alterations in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Patterns of Treatment and Impact on Survival Outcomes: A Single Center Experience of More Than 1200 Patients.

Background: The utility of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) in patients of non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) has led to an exponential increase in the identification of driver-gene alterations, however, Indian NGS data was lacking.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study conducted between May'2019 and Dec'2023 included histologically confirmed NSCLC cases with NGS testing done on tissue and/or liquid biopsy samples prior to treatment initiation. We reported the frequency of driver-gene alterations, clinicopathological profile, treatment patterns, and outcomes [Overall-Survival (OS)].

Efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment given to cancer patients in the prevention of COVID-19 - A Retrospective Cohort Study at Integrated Cancer Treatment and Research Centre, Wagholi.

Background: Cancer patients are considered to have a higher risk of developing severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a higher mortality rate. Moreover, poor prognosis observed in them is associated with multiple co-morbidities. Ayurveda can prove to be effective in preventing COVID-19 as well as improving clinical outcomes against COVID-19 in cancer patients.

Improving inner speech decoding by hybridisation of bimodal EEG and fMRI data.

Decoding inner speech from the brain via the hybridisation of fMRI and EEG data is explored to investigate the performance benefits over unimodal models. Two different fusion approaches are examined: concatenation of probability vectors from unimodal fMRI and EEG machine learning models, and data fusion with feature engineering. Same-task inner speech data are recorded from four participants, and different processing strategies are compared and contrasted to previously-employed hybridisation efforts.

Effect of single-dose intravenous lignocaine versus fentanyl on neuromuscular recovery time after general anesthesia in elective pediatric surgery: A randomized controlled pilot study.

Background And Aims: Intravenous (IV) lignocaine is often used to prevent the airway response to extubation, especially in children to prevent respiratory adverse events. It is known to prolong the duration of action of neuromuscular blocking drugs, but data in children are limited. The primary objective of this study was to compare neuromuscular recovery time with IV lignocaine versus fentanyl, in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia (GA).

Bronchodilator reversibility and eosinophilic biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Background And Objectives: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is now one of the top three causes of death worldwide. Recently, increased focus has been on COPD patients displaying eosinophilic inflammation and asthma-like features of bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchodilator responsiveness. The objective of the study was to measure the proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with bronchodilator reversibility and to compare the eosinophilic biomarkers between the bronchodilator non-reversible and reversible groups.

Harnessing Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Management of Corm Rot of Saffron.

Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) is a highly prized spice crop renowned for its significant culinary and therapeutic applications, largely attributed to its bioactive constituents such as crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal. Despite its production is severely threatened by corm rot, particularly caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, which leads to substantial yield losses in major saffron-producing regions.

Alleviation of Acute Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens by Dietary Supplementation of Polyphenols from Shredded, Steam-Exploded Pine Particles.

Reducing the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) in poultry is essential to minimize production losses. The present study evaluates the effects of dietary polyphenols prepared from underutilized wood byproducts on the growth, gut health, and cecal microbiota in broilers subjected to acute heat stress (AHS). One hundred eight one-day-old Indian River broilers were fed with 0%, 0.

A Comprehensive AI Framework for Superior Diagnosis, Cranial Reconstruction, and Implant Generation for Diverse Cranial Defects.

Cranioplasty enables the restoration of cranial defects caused by traumatic injuries, brain tumour excisions, or decompressive craniectomies. Conventional methods rely on Computer-Aided Design (CAD) for implant design, which requires significant resources and expertise. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have improved Computer-Aided Diagnostic systems for accurate and faster cranial reconstruction and implant generation procedures.

Analysis of early-onset glaucoma genes in primary congenital glaucoma patients residing in North India identifies an additional case with Arg1034Cys.

Purpose: To analyze exome sequence data from Indian cases with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) for pathogenic variants.

Materials/methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, ten consecutive, unrelated patients with a clinical diagnosis of PCG residing in India were enrolled. Medical history, family history, and complete ocular examination were carried out for all patients.

Reminders embedded in PCI reports to optimize discharge diabetes mellitus care (REMIND-DM): Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.

Background: Despite the robust clinical evidence base supporting their role for high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and concomitant cardiovascular disease, prescription of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) remains suboptimal. Clinical encounters occurring in the period post angiography may present a key opportunity to improve implementation in high-risk patients with T2DM.

Methods: Reminders EMbedded IN PCI Reports to Optimize Discharge Diabetes Mellitus Care (REMIND-DM) is a pragmatic, prospective, cluster randomized quality improvement study in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing angiography and was run as a quality improvement initiative.

Measuring the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy in northern India: a comparison of generic and vision specific instruments.

Background: Estimation of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients is important to assess the impact of disease, to monitor the treatment outcomes, and conduct health technology assessments. The study aimed to measure the HRQoL in DR patients using the generic as well as disease specific instruments, identify the determinants of HRQoL, empirically investigate the concurrent validity between the QoL instruments, and to develop statistical approaches to map NEI-VFQ-25 (National Eye Institute- Visual Function Questionnaire- 25) composite score based on EQ-5D-5 L (EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels) utility values.

Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was carried out to measure the HRQoL of 300 DR patients using EQ-5D-5 L, EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and NEI-VFQ-25 instruments.

Short-term and long-term management of caustic-induced gastrointestinal injury: An evidence-based practice guidelines.

The Indian Society of Gastroenterology has developed an evidence-based practice guideline for the management of caustic ingestion-related gastrointestinal (GI) injuries. A modified Delphi process was used to arrive at this consensus containing 41 statements. These statements were generated after two rounds of electronic voting, one round of physical meeting, and extensive review of the available literature.

Irrigating bent ab-interno needle goniectomy (i-BANG) technique.

Background: The bent ab-interno needle goniectomy (BANG) represents a low-cost indigenous modification designed for ab-interno excisional goniectomy. This technique employs a reverse cystitome (24 G needle) and yields outcomes equivalent to those achieved with the Kahook Dual Blade goniectomy. However, reflux bleeding from Schlemm's canal, with or without anterior chamber shallowing, often impedes angle visualization, thereby limiting the desired treatment extent.

Intraoperative tube placement in opaque corneas: The illuminated tube.

The role of glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) for refractory glaucoma is well established because of certain advantages offered over conventional filtering surgeries. However, the correct plane of placement of the GDD tube inside an eye with an opaque cornea can be challenging, due to poor intra-operative visualization. These cases are also challenging if they undergo subsequent corneal grafting.