The impact of otitis media on speech production in children: A systematic review.

Introduction: Otitis Media (OM) is one of the most common infections in young children and can create fluctuating hearing loss. Despite the commonality of this condition, there is a lack of conclusive evidence on its impact on speech production outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify the impact of otitis media on speech production in children.

Characterizing thyroid follicles histogenesis in the human fetuses: A morphological approach.

Thyroid gland which is responsible for the maintenance of metabolism and growth is derived from thyroglossal duct, an outpocketing of foregut. The microscopic study of thyroid gland during development in first, second and third trimesters has utmost significance to understand the several developmental thyroid disorders metabolically and structurally. This study is descriptive observational study carried in tissue sections taken from thyroid gland of still birth and spontaneously aborted human fetuses of first, second and third trimester.

Bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma masquerading as fungal endophthalmitis- a case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) masquerading as endophthalmitis in a patient with a history of bilateral cataract surgery and COVID-19.

Observation: A 60-year-old male patient presented with diminution of vision in both the eyes. There was a history of bilateral cataract surgery done 2 months back at a gap of one week and COVID-19 infection treated with high dose systemic corticosteroids.

Network-based drug repurposing for psychiatric disorders using single-cell genomics.

Neuropsychiatric disorders lack effective treatments due to a limited understanding of underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. To address this, we integrated population-scale single-cell genomics data and analyzed cell-type-level gene regulatory networks across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism (23 cell classes/subclasses). Our analysis revealed potential druggable transcription factors co-regulating known risk genes that converge into cell-type-specific co-regulated modules.

Systematic review of experimental paradigms and deep neural networks for electroencephalography-based cognitive workload detection.

This article summarizes a systematic literature review of deep neural network-based cognitive workload (CWL) estimation from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The focus of this article can be delineated into two main elements: first is the identification of experimental paradigms prevalently employed for CWL induction, and second, is an inquiry about the data structure and input formulations commonly utilized in deep neural networks (DNN)-based CWL detection. The survey revealed several experimental paradigms that can reliably induce either graded levels of CWL or a desired cognitive state due to sustained induction of CWL.

Initial experience with brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in India - Multicentric, real-world study.

Purpose: To evaluate the anatomic and visual outcomes and safety profile of initial Indian eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal injection (IVI) of brolucizumab.

Methods: This retrospective multicentric, real-world study enrolled consecutive eyes with nAMD that were treated with IVI brolucizumab after it was launched in India in October 2020. Data collected for each eye included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CSFT), subretinal fluid (SRF), and intraretinal fluid (IRF) status at 6, 12, and 24 months follow-up.

Cytomegalovirus Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Moving Beyond Molecular Diagnostics to Immunodiagnostics.

Human CMV, regularly reactivated by simple triggers, results in asymptomatic viral shedding, powerful cellular immune responses, and memory inflation. Immunocompetent individuals benefit from a robust immune response, which aids in viral management without causing clinically significant illness; however, immunodeficient individuals are always at a higher risk of CMV reactivation and disease. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are consistently at higher risk of CMV reactivation and clinically significant CMV illness due to primary disease, immunosuppression, and graft vs.

Phenotype Scoring of Population Scale Single-Cell Data Dissects Alzheimer's Disease Complexity.

The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests in diverse clinical phenotypes, including cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs). However, the etiology of these phenotypes remains elusive. To address this, the PsychAD project generated a population-level single-nucleus RNA-seq dataset comprising over 6 million nuclei from the prefrontal cortex of 1,494 individual brains, covering a variety of AD-related phenotypes that capture cognitive impairment, severity of pathological lesions, and the presence of NPSs.

Evaluating different samples & techniques for hr-HPV DNA genotyping to improve the efficiency of risk profiling for oral & cervical cancers in Sikkim, India.

Background & objectives Oral and genital HPV infection in men may be a source of cervical diseases in their women partners as well as disease in themselves. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) in physician-collected cervical samples and qPCR in self-collected urine and oral gargle samples of women and men, respectively, for hr-HPV infection status and genotyping. Methods One thousand and two hundred biological samples were collected from 200 women (urine, oral gargle, and cervical smear) and 200 men (urine and oral gargle) visiting a referral hospital in the remote Himalayan State of Sikkim.

Dynamical Embedding of Single-Channel Electroencephalogram for Artifact Subspace Reconstruction.

This study introduces a novel framework to apply the artifact subspace reconstruction (ASR) algorithm on single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) data. ASR is known for its ability to remove artifacts like eye-blinks and movement but traditionally relies on multiple channels. Embedded ASR (E-ASR) addresses this by incorporating a dynamical embedding approach.

Finding the E-channel proton loading sites by calculating the ensemble of protonation microstates.

The aerobic electron transfer chain builds a proton gradient by proton coupled electron transfer reactions through a series of proteins. Complex I is the first enzyme in the sequence. Here transfer of two electrons from NADH to quinone yields four protons pumped from the membrane N- (negative, higher pH) side to the P- (positive, lower pH) side.

Insulin in aluminum phosphide poisoning: A systematic review of the current literature.

Background: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a commonly used fumigant in agriculture and grain preservation because of its high potency and low cost. Due to the absence of a specific antidote and promising treatment modality, poisoning with this substance is deadly. Amid multiple studies in different parts of the world, each exploring options like lavage, inotropes, antioxidants, etc, we conducted a systematic review to find the possible role of exogenous insulin in treating symptomatic cases of AlP poisoning.

Fasting as an intervention to alter the impact of simulated night-shift work on glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment and impairs glucose metabolism. We hypothesise that food intake during night shifts may contribute to this phenomenon.

Methods: This open-label, multi-arm, single-site, parallel-group controlled trial involved a 6 day stay at the University of South Australia's sleep laboratory (Adelaide, SA, Australia).

Healthy from the Start: Co-Designing Sleep, Nutrition and Physical Activity Resources for Young Shiftworkers-Novel Implementation and Evaluation.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of shiftwork among young adults poses significant health risks, primarily due to its disruptive effects on sleep, nutrition and physical activity. Addressing these risks necessitates the development of tailored, evidence-based resources to support these key health behaviours. Participatory research approaches, engaging those with relevant lived experience (i.

Histomorphometric and developmental analysis of human fetal caecum and appendix with its embryological significance.

Purpose: The variable positions of the appendix can mislead surgeons and physicians to a wrong diagnosis. When appendicitis happens in subhepatic caecum, it can be misdiagnosed and can lead to severe complications during surgical procedures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the histomorphometric development of the appendix and caecum and to identify when lymphoid follicles appear in the appendix during fetal life.

Comparison of histopathological and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride test in diagnosing myocardial infarction: An autopsy study.

Background: Sudden and unexpected deaths are increasing drastically. The main cause of sudden death is cardiovascular disease, out of which coronary artery disease predominates forming 80% of the cases. Most of the time, detecting early changes in myocardial infarction during the autopsy is challenging since gross infarct changes do not appear until after 24 to 48 hours of myocardial ischemia injury.

Microbiome in sickle cell disease: Pathophysiology and therapeutic insights.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a complex genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal haemoglobin, resulting in sickle-shaped red blood cells. While extensive research has concentrated on the genetic and physiological aspects of SCD, recent studies suggest a potential role of the human microbiome in SCD pathophysiology, adding new dimensions to its understanding. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the microbiome's involvement in SCD, focusing on alterations in the gut microbiome composition and diversity compared to healthy individuals, and their implications for disease pathogenesis.

Primary tubercular osteomyelitis of zygoma: A literature review and case report.

Purpose: This study presents a rare case of primary tubercular osteomyelitis of the zygoma, and addresses how combined surgical and medical treatments are effective managing rare presentations of tubercular osteomyelitis in facial bones.

Methods: A 57-year-old man presented with pain and purulent discharge from the right malar region following trauma. Initial treatments with empirical antibiotics had poor response, hence further investigations were done.

The impact of breaking up sitting during simulated nightshifts on musculoskeletal pain: A randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Prolonged sitting is associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal pain, especially in nightshift workers. However, research investigating effects of breaking up sitting on musculoskeletal pain during nightshifts is lacking. This study evaluated effects of prolonged sitting or breaking up sitting with short bouts of light-intensity physical activity on pain in healthy adults during simulated nightshifts.

Utilizing the Fujimori Gate Flap for the Reconstruction of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report.

The surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) results in tissue defects caused by the removal of the cancerous tissue. There are various reconstruction options available for lip construction. Harvesting the flap to reconstruct these defects undoubtedly results in substantial morbidity.