Individualized nutritional intervention versus routine care for gestational diabetes prevention: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects millions of females and their children. Effective dietary strategies for early prevention are controversial.

Objective: To investigate whether an individualized nutritional intervention reduced GDM incidence in high-risk females.

Accelerometer-Derived "Weekend Warrior" Physical Activity and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.

Objective: To examine the association of "weekend warrior" (WW) pattern and physical activity distributed throughout the week with mortality risk.

Participants And Methods: In this cohort study of 95,468 participants in the UK Biobank from 2013 through 2015, participants were grouped by accelerometer-derived physical activity levels: inactive (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA] <150 min/wk using World Health Organization guidelines), active WW (≥150 minutes of MVPA per week and ≥50% of total MVPA over 1 to 2 days), and active regular (≥150 minutes of MVPA but not active WW). Cox regression analyzed associations of activity patterns with all-cause mortality and 10 categories of cause-specific mortality and whether the association differed by sedentary time (≤6, 7 to 12, or ≥13 hours) and light physical activity (≤60, 61 to 150, or ≥151 min/d).

Association between hospital-treated infectious diseases and risk of neurodegenerative disease among patients with prediabetes and diabetes: A prospective cohort study in UK Biobank.

Background: Previous evidence suggests that infectious diseases may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) while individuals with hyperglycemia may be at increased risk for both infection and NDDs due to dysregulated inflammation levels. This study aimed to examine the association between hospital-treated infectious diseases and the risk of NDDs among patients with prediabetes and diabetes and whether the associations differed by the number of infections and potential effect modifiers.

Study Design And Method: Using data from the UK Biobank, we conducted a prospective study involving 69,731 individuals, consisting of 48,149 participants with prediabetes and 21,582 participants with diabetes.

Association of accelerated phenotypic aging, genetic risk, and lifestyle with progression of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using multi-state model.

Background: Aging is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but individuals of the same chronological age may vary in their biological aging rate. The associations of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), a new accelerated biological aging indicator based on clinical chemistry biomarkers, with the risk of dynamic progression remain unclear. We aimed to assess these associations and examine whether these associations varied by genetic risk and lifestyle.

A robust transfer learning approach for high-dimensional linear regression to support integration of multi-source gene expression data.

Transfer learning aims to integrate useful information from multi-source datasets to improve the learning performance of target data. This can be effectively applied in genomics when we learn the gene associations in a target tissue, and data from other tissues can be integrated. However, heavy-tail distribution and outliers are common in genomics data, which poses challenges to the effectiveness of current transfer learning approaches.

The mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and sense of security among left-behind junior high school students: multi-group comparative analysis of only children and children with siblings.

Background: This study aims to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and the sense of security among junior high school students, with a particular focus on variations based on only-child status.

Methods: A survey was conducted among 649 left-behind junior high school students in Gansu Province, China, utilizing the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Security Questionnaire (SQ), and Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA).

Results: Among the participants, the mean scores for physical exercise, psychological resilience, and sense of security were 40.

Association between adverse childhood experiences and gastro-esophageal diseases later in life: A large-population cohort and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are widely recognized as associated with stress-associated digestive disorders, yet their comprehensive relationship with gastro-esophageal diseases as well as the potential mechanisms of depression remains underexplored.

Methods: The prospective study included 133,638 participants aged 40-69 from UK Biobank with full information on ACEs, depression, and gastro-esophageal diseases. ACEs were retrospectively measured both as individual types (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, and physical and emotional neglect) and cumulative scores of experienced types.

Robust double machine learning model with application to omics data.

Background: Recently, there has been a growing interest in combining causal inference with machine learning algorithms. Double machine learning model (DML), as an implementation of this combination, has received widespread attention for their expertise in estimating causal effects within high-dimensional complex data. However, the DML model is sensitive to the presence of outliers and heavy-tailed noise in the outcome variable.

Primary sensory neuron-derived miR-let-7b underlies stress-elicited psoriasis.

Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin condition with significant global morbidity, badly impairs patients' quality of life. Stress has been identified as a prominent trigger for psoriasis, and effectively management of stress can ameliorate its pathological manifestations. However, the precise mechanisms by which stress influences psoriasis remain elusive.

Single-cell mapping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals key transcriptomic changes favoring coronary artery lesion in IVIG-resistant Kawasaki disease.

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) poses a considerable challenge to patients and their families due to its severe complications. Previous researches have highlighted the critical role of immune disorders in its pathogenesis. However, fragmented studies based on isolated cases hinder a comprehensive understanding of this deadly illness.

Effect of physical exercise on negative emotions in Chinese university students: The mediating effect of self-efficacy.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of physical activity on negative emotions among university students and examines the mediating influence of self-efficacy, aiming to furnish empirical insights and a theoretical framework to enhance and optimize the mental health of this population comprehensively.

Methods: Using the cluster random sampling method, 5341 university students were selected from three universities. The questionnaire included demographic information about university students, physical exercise behaviors, expressions of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, and self-efficacy in physical exercise.

Green space exposure and Chinese residents' physical activity participation: empirical evidence from a health geography perspective.

Background: With continuous efforts made to promote the strategic goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peak, it is crucial to meet the growing and diversified needs of the public for fitness by practicing the concept of green development and promote the combination of national fitness and ecological civilization.

Methods: To achieve this purpose, an OLS regression model was applied to estimate the role of green space exposure in Chinese residents' participation in physical activity and its underlying mechanisms, using the microdata from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) data and the Provincial Vegetation Cover Index (NDVI) matched macrostatistical data.

Results: The empirical results show that green space exposure significantly increases the probability of residents' physical activity participation, and creating a green environment is conducive to creating a favorable physical activity environment for residents.

Age-Specific Association Between Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Hearing loss is common and undertreated, and the impact of blood pressure variability (BPV) on the development of hearing loss remains unclear. We aimed to examine the age-specific association between visit-to-visit BPV and hearing loss.

Research Design And Methods: This nationally representative cohort study included 3,939 adults over 50 years from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States.

High-dimensional generalized median adaptive lasso with application to omics data.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in variable selection for causal inference within the context of high-dimensional data. However, when the outcome exhibits a skewed distribution, ensuring the accuracy of variable selection and causal effect estimation might be challenging. Here, we introduce the generalized median adaptive lasso (GMAL) for covariate selection to achieve an accurate estimation of causal effect even when the outcome follows skewed distributions.

Development of preoperative and postoperative models to predict recurrence in postoperative glioma patients: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Glioma recurrence, subsequent to maximal safe resection, remains a pivotal challenge. This study aimed to identify key clinical predictors influencing recurrence and develop predictive models to enhance neurological diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.

Methods: This longitudinal cohort study with a substantial sample size (n = 2825) included patients with non-recurrent glioma who were pathologically diagnosed and had undergone initial surgical resection between 2010 and 2018.

Interaction between body mass index and family history of cancer on the risk of female breast cancer.

Both body mass index (BMI) and family history of cancer are established risk factors for female breast cancer. However, few studies explored the potential interaction between both factors. We assessed the association of BMI and its interaction with family cancer history on the risk of female breast cancer in Shanghai, China.

Sibling Death in Childhood and Early Adulthood and Risk of Early-Onset Cardiovascular Disease.

Importance: Sibling death is a highly traumatic event, but empirical evidence on the association of sibling death in childhood and early adulthood with subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains limited.

Objective: To evaluate the association between sibling death in the early decades of life and subsequent risk of incident early-onset CVD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based cohort study included 2 098 659 individuals born in Denmark from 1978 to 2018.

Age-Dependent Association Between Body Mass Index and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients with Hypertension: A Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort Study in China.

Purpose: The association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality may vary among hypertensive patients of different ages. This study aimed to investigate the age-dependent association between BMI and all-cause mortality among patients with hypertension.

Patients And Methods: A total of 212,394 participants with hypertension aged 20-85 years from Minhang Hypertension Standardization Management System in Shanghai of China were included.

Multiply robust estimator for the difference in survival functions using pseudo-observations.

Background: When estimating the causal effect on survival outcomes in observational studies, it is necessary to adjust confounding factors due to unbalanced covariates between treatment and control groups. There is no study on multiple robust method for estimating the difference in survival functions. In this study, we propose a multiply robust (MR) estimator, allowing multiple propensity score models and outcome regression models, to provide multiple protection.

Quantile regression to explore association of sleep duration with depression among adults in NHANES and KNHANES.

Background: Sleep duration has been associated with depression. However, mean regression, such as linear regression or logistic regression, may not capture relationships that occur mainly in the tails of outcome distribution. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between sleep duration and depression along the entire distribution of depression using quantile regression approach.

Covariate balance-related propensity score weighting in estimating overall hazard ratio with distributed survival data.

Background: When data is distributed across multiple sites, sharing information at the individual level among sites may be difficult. In these multi-site studies, propensity score model can be fitted with data within each site or data from all sites when using inverse probability-weighted Cox regression to estimate overall hazard ratio. However, when there is unknown heterogeneity of covariates in different sites, either approach may lead to potential bias or reduced efficiency.

An improved multiply robust estimator for the average treatment effect.

Background: In observational studies, double robust or multiply robust (MR) approaches provide more protection from model misspecification than the inverse probability weighting and g-computation for estimating the average treatment effect (ATE). However, the approaches are based on parametric models, leading to biased estimates when all models are incorrectly specified. Nonparametric methods, such as machine learning or nonparametric double robust approaches, are robust to model misspecification, but the efficiency of nonparametric methods is low.

Association of nocturnal sleep duration and nocturnal sleep changes with instrumental activities of daily living disability among middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Objective: To investigate the association of baseline nocturnal sleep duration and sleep changes with functional disability in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Methods: Data for this study were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from baseline (2011) to the Wave 3 follow-up (2018). 8361 participants free of IADL disability in 2011 and aged ≥ 45 years old were recruited and prospectively followed till 2018 to analyze the association between baseline nocturnal sleep duration and IADL disability.