Mycoplasma infection aggravates cardiac involvements in Kawasaki diseases: a retrospective study.

Background: (MP) infection serves as a substantial cofactor in Kawasaki disease (KD) among patients. Although the dominant issue triggering KD has recently focused on MP infection, the complete demonstration of the relationship between MP infection and KD remains elusive. This study endeavors to scrutinize and compare the clinical manifestations and cardiac involvement between MP-triggered KD and non-infection-associated KD.

Association between hyponatremia and adverse clinical outcomes of heart failure: current evidence based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global health challenge. The perturbations in fluid and electrolyte equilibrium, particularly the compromised sodium balance associated with HF lead to high mortality rates. Hence, elucidating the correlation between serum sodium levels and the prognosis of HF is of paramount importance.

Concurrent infection of Exophiala dermatitidis and Angiostrongylus cantonensis in central nervous system of a child with inherited CARD9 deficiency: A case report and literature review.

Exophiala dermatitidis is a relatively common environmental black yeast with a worldwide distribution that rarely causes fungal infection. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old girl with central nervous system (CNS) encephalitis caused by E. dermatitidis and Angiostrongylus cantonensis.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing in a diagnosis of pneumonia in an X-linked immunodeficient child: a case report.

Background: The diagnosis of pneumonia (PCP) remains challenging in certain specific clinical situations. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), as a novel diagnostic method, may help in the diagnosis of PCP.

Case Presentation: A 6-month-old male child developed acute pneumonia and sepsis.

Impact of age and tumor size on the development of the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon in patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: The Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is a severe complication of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE). The risk factors for KMP need further investigation.

Methods: The medical records of patients with KHE were reviewed.

A novel homozygous variant of induced cardiac malformation and neurodevelopmental abnormality: case report and literature review.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents the most widespread congenital birth defect among neonates worldwide, leading to substantial expenses and contributing significantly to premature death caused by birth defects. Despite the significance of CHD, research on its etiology remains limited and has failed to provide substantial evidence for the molecular basis of the disease. With the advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS), genetic screening has become increasingly accessible, offering a greater capability for identifying potential genetic variants associated with CHD.

Single cell RNA-seq resolution revealed CCR1/SELL/XAF CD14 monocytes mediated vascular endothelial cell injuries in Kawasaki disease and COVID-19.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic provide the opportunities to explore the numerous similarities in clinical symptoms with Kawasaki disease (KD), including severe vasculitis. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of vascular injury in both KD and COVID-19 remain elusive. To identify these mechanisms, this study employs single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the molecular mechanisms of immune responses in vasculitis, and validate the results through in vitro experiments.

U-shaped association between serum albumin and pediatric intensive care unit mortality in critically ill children.

Introduction: The detailed association between albumin levels and mortality has not been studied in critically ill children. The aim of this study was to reveal an association between albumin levels in detail and mortality in critically ill children.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected data from children admitted to four pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in China between January 2015 and October 2020.

Performance of the PRISM I, PIM2, PELOD-2 and PRISM IV scoring systems in western China: a multicenter prospective study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the four scoring tools in predicting mortality in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in western China.

Methods: This was a multicenter, prospective, cohort study conducted in six PICUs in western China. The performances of the scoring systems were evaluated based on both discrimination and calibration.

Exome sequencing contributes to identify comorbidities in a rare case of infant ARDS induced by the CD40LG mutation.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes significant mortality in young children with certain diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce infant mortality. Here, we report a rare case of exome sequencing in the early diagnosis of immunodeficiency in an infant.

A Leigh syndrome caused by compound heterozygous mutations on NDUFAF5 induce early infant death: A case report.

Background: The NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor gene (NDUFAF5) has been linked to the occurrence of Leigh syndrome, but few causative mutations have been identified. Here we report a rare case of Leigh syndrome in an infant who died in the early postnatal period.

Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and mutation analysis of NDUFAF5 to obtain genetic data on the patient and describe the clinical and genetic characteristics.

SLC10A2 deficiency-induced congenital chronic bile acid diarrhea and stunting.

Background: Diarrhea is a common occurrence in children below the age of 5 years. In chronic cases, it induces malnutrition that severely stunts growth. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD), caused by malabsorption of bile acid (BA), is a rare form of chronic diarrhea seldom observed in pediatric patients.

A prospective multicenter study of sirolimus for complicated vascular anomalies.

Objective: Complicated vascular anomalies (VAs) can be intractable and uncontrollable using conventional treatment and can result in lethal outcomes. We undertook a prospective, multicenter phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in pediatric patients with complicated VAs.

Methods: Eligible patients were required to be aged 0 to 14 years and to have a complicated VA.

Efficacy and Safety of Propranolol vs Atenolol in Infants With Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Propranolol has become the first-line therapy for problematic infantile hemangiomas (IHs) that require systemic therapy. However, different adverse events have been reported during propranolol treatment. The positive efficacy and safety of atenolol raise the question of whether it could be used as a promising therapy for IH.

Comparison of PICU Cost and Severity-Adjusted Cost Between Patients With SIRS-Defined Sepsis and Those With Age-Adapted SOFA-Defined Sepsis.

The definition is considered to lack specificity and may lead to the admission of low-risk patients to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of this study was to compare the PICU cost and the severity-adjusted cost between patients with sepsis defined by the and those diagnosed using the age-adapted Sepsis-3 criteria. Septic children identified by the were screened for enrollment.

Screening for infantile hepatic hemangioma in patients with cutaneous infantile hemangioma: A multicenter prospective study.

Background: Abdominal ultrasonography has been proposed to screen for infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) in patients with multiple cutaneous infantile hemangiomas (IHs).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the optimal cutoff point for the number of cutaneous IHs needed to screen for IHH.

Methods: We performed a prospective, multicenter study to screen for IHH in patients younger than 9 months who had multiple cutaneous IHs (n ≥ 3) on ultrasonography.

Sestrin 2 attenuates sepsis-associated encephalopathy through the promotion of autophagy in hippocampal neurons.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) has typically been associated with a poor prognosis. Although sestrin 2 (SESN2) plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation and the stress response, its expression and functional roles in SAE are still unclear. In the present study, SAE was established in mice through caecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Clinical and cranial MRI features of female patients with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: Two case reports.

Introduction: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is a common metabolic disease of urea circulation disorder. We reported the clinical, brain imaging and genetic characteristics of 2 cases with OTCD. The patients' clinical features, novel gene mutations, cranial MR specific imaging changes and blood tandem mass spectrometry, and urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were, retrospectively, analyzed.

[High-risk factors for early failure of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in children].

Objective: To determine the high-risk factors for early failure of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy in children with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI).

Methods: The clinical data of 123 children with ARI were reviewed who received HFNC oxygen therapy in the pediatric intensive care unit from January to June, 2018. The children who did not require an upgrade of respiratory support during hospitalization and were successfully weaned from HFNC were classified as HFNC success group (69 cases).

Concurrent lymphoma and hemophilia B in a pediatric patient: A case report.

Introduction: Lymphoma is the third most common cancer among children in the United States and Europe. Hemophilia is a congenital bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or IX. Hemophilia B is a consequence of factor IX deficiency and has an incidence of 1 in 20,000 male births.