Overexpression of PagMYB206 enhances secondary cell wall biosynthesis under low nitrogen availability in poplar.

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major limiting factor for the growth and productivity of perennial trees. In woody plants, secondary xylem formation is influenced by N availability, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the wood property changes under low nitrogen (LN) conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of PagMYB206 in regulating secondary xylem development and acclimation to LN stress in Populus alba × Populus glandulosa.

Method for Correcting the Muscle Fiber Orientation Determined by a T-shaped Transducer in Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a quantitative imaging method that could be used for clinical assessment of musculoskeletal stiffness, particularly in disease diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation. However, the elastic anisotropy of skeletal muscle leads to uncertainties in shear wave velocity (SWV) measurements in SWE because the SWV varies with muscle fiber orientation. Therefore, many studies have conducted 360° rotational measurements of SWV to determine the elastic anisotropy of muscle; however, the extended data acquisition time of this approach limits its clinical utility.

Estimating the viscoelastic anisotropy of human skin through high-frequency ultrasound elastography.

Background: The skin is the largest organ of the human body and serves distinct functions in protecting the body. The viscoelastic properties of the skin play a key role in supporting the skin-healing process, also it may be changed due to some skin diseases.

Propose: In this study, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) elastography based on a Lamb wave model was used to noninvasively assess the viscoelastic anisotropy of human skin.

Wearable Ultrasound Imaging Device for Dynamic Dual-Direction Shear Wave Elastography of Shoulder Muscle.

The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the human body, thus requiring intricate coordination of adjacent muscles. Patients suffered from rotator cuff muscle injuries have several typical symptoms including shoulder pain and difficulty raising the arm, thus reducing work efficiency and compromising the quality of life. Ultrasound has been used widely for shoulder soft tissue imaging as well as ultrasound elastography was introduced in shoulder examination for the dilemma of treating degenerative rotator cuff tears.

High-Spatiotemporal-Resolution Ultrasound Flow Imaging to Determine Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics in Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model.

Although the relationships of cerebrovascular hemodynamic dysfunction with neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear, many studies have indicated that poor cerebral perfusion accelerates the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Small animal models are widely used in AD research. However, providing an imaging modality with a high spatiotemporal resolution and sufficiently large field of view to assess cerebrovascular hemodynamics in vivo remains a challenge.

Visualization of Human Hand Tendon Mechanical Anisotropy in 3-D Using High- Frequency Dual-Direction Shear Wave Imaging.

High-resolution ultrasound shear wave elastography has been used to determine the mechanical properties of hand tendons. However, because of fiber orientation, tendons have anisotropic properties; this results in differences in shear wave velocity (SWV) between ultrasound scanning cross sections. Rotating transducers can be used to achieve full-angle scanning.

Development of a Wearable Ultrasound Transducer for Sensing Muscle Activities in Assistive Robotics Applications.

Robotic prostheses and powered exoskeletons are novel assistive robotic devices for modern medicine. Muscle activity sensing plays an important role in controlling assistive robotics devices. Most devices measure the surface electromyography (sEMG) signal for myoelectric control.

Visualization of Human Skeletal Muscle Mechanical Anisotropy by Using Dual-Direction Shear Wave Imaging.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) is a mature technique for diagnosing the elasticity of isotropic tissues. However, the elasticity of anisotropic tissues, such as muscle and tendon, cannot be diagnosed correctly using SWEI because the shear wave velocity (SWV) varies with tissue fiber orientations. Recently, SWEI has been studied for measuring the anisotropic properties of muscles by rotating the transducer; however, this is difficult for clinical practice.