High blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) during ketosis enhance uptake by the mammary gland and impair autophagy while causing oxidative stress. Caveolin 1 (CAV1) is closely related to autophagy and plays a role in regulating oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of CAV1 on oxidative stress and autophagy during a high NEFA challenge in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line MAC-T.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReversible regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of eukaryotic RNA via methyltransferases is an important epigenetic event affecting RNA metabolism. As such, m6A methylation plays crucial roles in regulating animal growth, development, reproduction, and disease progression. Herein, we review the latest research advancements in m6A methylation modifications and discuss regulatory aspects in the context of growth, development, and reproductive traits of livestock.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatic oxidative injury induced by free fatty acids (FFA) and metabolic disorders of bile acids (BA) increase the risk of metabolic diseases in dairy cows during perinatal period. However, the effects of FFA on BA metabolism remained poorly understood. In present study, high concentrations of FFA caused cell impairment, oxidative stress and BA overproduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMitochondrial dysfunction has been reported to occur in the mammary gland of dairy cows suffering from ketosis. Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) plays a crucial role in regulating mitophagy, which clears impaired mitochondria to maintain normal mitochondrial function. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate how PHB2 mediates mitophagy, thereby influencing mitochondrial function in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBile acids are cholesterol-derived molecules that are primarily produced in the liver. In nonruminants with fatty liver, overproduction of bile acids is associated with liver injury. During the transition period, fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that can affect up to 50% of high-producing dairy cows.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), often reoccur due to the formation of intracellular bacterial colonies (IBCs) and antibiotic resistance. Given the significance of YadC for UPEC infection in our previous study, we developed D-xylose-decorated ɛ-poly-L-lysine (εPL)-based carbon dots (D-xyl@εPLCDs) that can be traced, and employed multi-step approaches to elucidate the functional roles of D-xyl@εPLCDs in UPEC infection. Compared to undecorated particles, D-xyl@εPLCDs demonstrate YadC-dependent bacterial targeting and exhibit enhanced bactericidal activities both intracellularly and extracellularly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathologic elevations in hepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, contribute to anemia of inflammation in chronic disease. DISC-0974 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to hemojuvelin and blocks bone morphogenetic protein signaling, thereby suppressing hepcidin production. Reduction of systemic hepcidin levels is predicted to increase iron absorption and mobilize stored iron into circulation, where it may be utilized by red blood cell (RBC) precursors in the bone marrow to improve hemoglobin levels and to potentially alleviate anemia of inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPARP inhibitors and HDAC inhibitors have been approved for the clinical treatment of malignancies, but acquired resistance of or limited effects on solid tumors with a single agent remain as challenges. Bioinformatics analyses and a combination of experiments had demonstrated the synergistic effects of PARP and HDAC inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer. A series of novel dual PARP and HDAC inhibitors were rationally designed and synthesized, and these molecules exhibited high enzyme inhibition activity with excellent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring the perinatal period, dairy cows undergo negative energy balance, resulting in elevated circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Although increased blood NEFA concentrations are a physiological adaptation of early lactation, excessive NEFA in dairy cows is a major cause of fatty liver. Aberrant lipid metabolism leads to hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequently the development of fatty liver.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The extracellular matrix (ECM), a fundamental constituent of all tissues and organs, is crucial for shaping the tumor microenvironment. Dysregulation of ECM remodeling has been closely linked to tumor initiation and progression, where specific signaling pathways, including redox signaling, play essential roles. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are risk factors for carcinogenesis whose excess can facilitate the oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, such as DNA and proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Accurately predicting nipple-areola complex (NAC) involvement in breast cancer is essential for identifying eligible patients for a nipple-sparing mastectomy. This study was aimed at developing a pre-operative nomogram for NAC involvement in breast cancer using conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).
Methods: All patients with primary breast cancer confirmed by pre-operative biopsy underwent US and CEUS examinations.
Ketosis is often accompanied by a reduction in milk production in dairy cows, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Ketotic cows possess systemic oxidative stress (OS), which may implicate apoptosis in mammary glands. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a vital regulator of cellular redox homeostasis and is under the control of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in nonruminants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report on the continuous-wave (CW) operation of 1D terahertz quantum cascade (THz QC) microlaser arrays working on various bound states in the continuum (BICs). We first created a quasi-BIC state by breaking the inversion symmetry of the microlaser array, which enables flexible control of the radiation efficiency. The optimized multi-periods array exhibits single-mode emission with the maximum output power of 21 mW (at 30 K), and the maximum operation temperature (Tcw) of 45 K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExcessive free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation and related metabolism are the major cause of oxidative stress and liver injury in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. In nonruminants, activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) can improve cell damage and reduce the overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. As a downstream target of TFEB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α, gene name PPARGC1A) is a critical regulator of oxidative metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Breast cancer accounts for over 1.8 million new cases worldwide annually, and prompt diagnosis and treatment are imperative to prevent mortality. Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is thought to be a critical pathway for cancer cell apoptosis, yet, its relationship with breast cancer progression and molecular mechanisms remains largely unexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhen ketosis occurs, supraphysiological concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) display lipotoxicity and are closely related to the occurrence of hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation, resulting in hepatic damage and exacerbating the progression of ketosis. However, the mechanism of these lipotoxic effects caused by high concentrations of NEFA in ketosis is still unclear. Cluster antigen 36 (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, plays a vital role in the development of hepatic pathological injury in nonruminants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDairy cows have high incidence of ketosis during perinatal. According to our previous studies, elevated ketone bodies (mainly β-hydroxybutyrate, BHB) in the peripheral blood are believed to contribute to the impairment of neutrophils mobility and directionality thereby contributing to the immunosuppression and further infectious disease secondary to ketosis. However, the specific effect of BHB on the directionality of bovine neutrophils needs further study and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis article describes a closed-loop detection MEMS accelerometer for acceleration measurement. This paper analyzes the working principle of MEMS accelerometers in detail and explains the relationship between the accelerometer zero bias, scale factor and voltage reference. Therefore, a combined compensation method is designed via reference voltage source compensation and terminal temperature compensation of the accelerometer, which comprehensively improves the performance over a wide temperature range of the accelerometer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal form of malignant brain tumor, is a therapeutic challenge due to the drug filtration capabilities of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Interestingly, glioblastoma tends to resist apoptosis during chemotherapy, but is susceptible to ferroptosis. Developing therapies that can effectively target glioblastoma by crossing the BBB and evoke ferroptosis are, therefore, crucial for improving treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicromachines (Basel)
April 2023
This paper presents a novel method for the performance of an all-silicon accelerometer by adjusting the ratio of the Si-SiO bonding area, and the Au-Si bonding area in the anchor zone, with the aim of eliminating stress in the anchor region. The study includes the development of an accelerometer model and simulation analysis which demonstrates the stress maps of the accelerometer under different anchor-area ratios, which have a strong impact on the performance of the accelerometer. In practical applications, the deformation of the comb structure fixed by the anchor zone is influenced by the stress in the anchor region, causing a distorted nonlinear response signal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFatty liver is a major metabolic disorder of high-producing dairy cows during the transition period. In nonruminants, it is well established that insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) plays a crucial role in regulating hepatic lipogenesis by controlling the anchoring of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) on the endoplasmic reticulum along with SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP). Whether the INSIG1-SCAP-SREBP-1c transport axis is affected in cows experiencing fatty liver is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdiponectin (encoded by ADIPOQ) is an adipokine that orchestrates energy homeostasis by modulating glucose and fatty acid metabolism in peripheral tissues. During the periparturient period, dairy cows often develop adipose tissue inflammation and decreased plasma adiponectin levels. Proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in regulating the endocrine functions of adipocytes, but whether it affects adiponectin production in calf adipocytes remains obscure.
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