[Effects of ursolic acid on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in a rat model of AR after PM2.5 exposure].

To investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in a rat model of AR after PM2.5 exposure. Sixty healthy female SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (NC group), PM2.

Effects of rosmarinic acid on the inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis rat models after PM2.5 exposure.

Background: Studies have shown the promising prospects of rosmarinic acid (RosA) for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RosA on inflammatory reaction in rat models of allergic rhinitis (AR) after PM2.5 exposure.

Toxicological Effects of Artificial Fine Particulate Matter in Rats through Induction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Airborne fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or smaller than 2.5 μm (abbreviated as PM) increases the risk of nasal lesions, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the atmosphere, the composition of PM collected varies in physical and chemical properties, which affects its damage to human health.

miR-338-3p inhibits autophagy in a rat model of allergic rhinitis after PM2.5 exposure through AKT/mTOR signaling by targeting UBE2Q1.

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases the incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR). microRNA (miRNA) can regulate cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress and inflammation reactions in a rat model of allergic rhinitis after PM exposure.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM) exposure can increase the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR), the mechanism underlying which may include oxidative stress and inflammatory response. As a ROS quenching agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can attenuate the accumulation of inflammatory cells and hyper-responsiveness in animal asthma models.

Ursolic Acid Alleviates Mucus Secretion and Tissue Remodeling in Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis After PM2.5 Exposure.

Background: According to recent epidemiologic studies, exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter 2.5 ≤ µm [PM2.5]) in the air increases the incidence and severity of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Effects of Ursolic Acid on the Expression of Th1-Th2-related Cytokines in a Rat Model of Allergic Rhinitis After PM2.5 Exposure.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem and closely related to environmental factors. Ursolic acid (UA) has potential in the treatment of allergic inflammation. The effects of UA intervention on PM2.

Effect of PM2.5 on MicroRNA Expression and Function in Nasal Mucosa of Rats With Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) refers to particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.

Effects of PM2.5 on mucus secretion and tissue remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: According to epidemiologic studies, fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) is closely associated with increases in the incidence and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

First long-term detection of paleo-oceanic signature of dust aerosol at the southern marginal area of the Taklimakan Desert.

We firstly conducted a long-term in-situ field measurement at a marginal area (Hotan) of the southern Taklimakan Desert covering all four seasons. Detailed chemical characterization of dust aerosol over Hotan showed several unconventional features, including (1) ubiquity of high Na and Cl abundances in the Taklimakan dust aerosol and its Cl/Na ratio close to seawater; (2) high Ca content in the Taklimakan dust (7.4~8.

Nasal epithelial barrier disruption by particulate matter ≤2.5 μm via tight junction protein degradation.

Upper airway diseases including sinonasal disorders may be caused by exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5), as proven by epidemiological studies.

Insights into the characteristics and sources of primary and secondary organic carbon: High time resolution observation in urban Shanghai.

There is growing evidence suggesting that organic aerosols play an important role in the evolution of severe haze episodes. However, long-term investigations of the different characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols during haze and non-haze days are insufficient. In this work, hourly measurements of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM were conducted in Shanghai, a megacity in Eastern China, over the course of a year from July 2013 to June 2014.

[Airborne fine particle decreases the cell viability and induces inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells].

To investigate the effects of airborne fine particle on cell viability and inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells.
 Methods: Atmospheric PM2.5 samples were collected by PM2.

Signal Transductions of BEAS-2B Cells in Response to Carcinogenic PM Exposure Based on a Microfluidic System.

PM (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter) is considered as a harmful carcinogen. Determining the precise relationship between the chemical constituents of PM in the air and cancer progression could aid the treatment of environment related disease and establishing risk reduction strategies.

T-helper type 1-T-helper type 2 shift and nasal remodeling after fine particulate matter exposure in a rat model of allergic rhinitis.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) increases the risk of allergic rhinitis (AR), but the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.

Effectiveness of SO emission control policy on power plants in the Yangtze River Delta, China-post-assessment of the 11th Five-Year Plan.

Facing the air pollution problems in China, emission control strategies have been implemented within the framework of national Five-Year Plan (FYP). According to the lack of post-assessment studies in the literature, this study assessed the effectiveness of the SO emission control policies on power plants after the 11th FYP (2006-2010) by modeling emission control scenarios. The idealized emission control policy (the PS90 scenario with assumption of 90% SO emission reduction from power plants) could reduce the SO and SO concentrations by about 51 and 14%, respectively, over the Yangtze River Delta region.

PM-Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage in the Nasal Mucosa of Rats.

Exposure to PM (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm) increases the risk of nasal lesions, but the underlying mechanisms, especially the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial damage, are still unclear. Thus, we investigated the in vivo effects of PM exposure on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, the enzyme activities of Na⁺K⁺-ATPase and Ca-ATPase, and the morphology and function of mitochondria in the nasal mucosa of rats.

Quantitative analysis of aliphatic amines in urban aerosols based on online derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography.

A method combining online derivatization with high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of seven aliphatic amines (ethanolamine, methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine and hexylamine) in urban aerosols. The collected amines were online derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde to form highly fluorescent sulfonatoisoindole derivatives. The derivatives were completely separated in 13 min through gradient elution and detected by fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 334 nm and an emission wavelength of 443 nm.

Airborne Fine Particulate Matter Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells.

Airborne fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or smaller than 2.5 μm is abbreviated as PM2.5, which is one of the main components in air pollution.

Human Excreta as a Stable and Important Source of Atmospheric Ammonia in the Megacity of Shanghai.

Although human excreta as a NH3 source has been recognized globally, this source has never been quantitatively determined in cities, hampering efforts to fully assess the causes of urban air pollution. In the present study, the exhausts of 15 ceiling ducts from collecting septic tanks in 13 buildings with 6 function types were selected to quantify NH3 emission rates in the megacity of Shanghai. As a comparison, the ambient NH3 concentrations across Shanghai were also measured at 13 atmospheric monitoring sites.

Inorganic aerosols responses to emission changes in Yangtze River Delta, China.

The new Chinese National Ambient Air Quality standards (CH-NAAQS) published on Feb. 29th, 2012 listed PM2.5 as criteria pollutant for the very first time.

Role of sectoral and multi-pollutant emission control strategies in improving atmospheric visibility in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

The Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system is used to investigate the response of atmospheric visibility to the emission reduction from different sectors (i.e. industries, traffic and power plants) in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Excellent photocatalytic degradation activities of ordered mesoporous anatase TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposites to various organic contaminants.

Ordered 2-D hexagonal mesoporous TiO(2)-SiO(2) nanocomposites consisted of anatase TiO(2) nanocrystals and amorphous SiO(2) nanoparticles, with large mesochannels and high specific surface areas, have been extensively and detailedly evaluated using various cationic dyes (methylene blue, safranin O, crystal violet, brilliant green, basic fuchsin and rhodamine-6G), anionic dyes (acid fuchsin, orange II, reactive brilliant red X3B and acid red 1) and microcystin-LR. We use mesoporous 80TiO(2)-20SiO(2)-900 for the degradation of cationic dyes and MC-LR, due to the dominant adsorption of SiOH groups and synergistic role of coupled adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. For anionic dyes, due to the adsorption results predominantly from TiOH groups, our strategy realizes the enhanced photocatalytic oxidation by strong surface acids and larger available specific surface area.

The implication of carbonaceous aerosol to the formation of haze: revealed from the characteristics and sources of OC/EC over a mega-city in China.

The characteristics and sources of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM(2.5) in 2006-2007 as well as their impact on the formation of heavy haze in Shanghai were investigated. Daily average concentrations of OC and EC ranged from 1.