The herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenus CY-1 metabolites.

Background: Studies have shown that Talaromyces can produce a large number of secondary metabolites in its metabolic process, many of which have good insecticidal, antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral and other biological activities. In order to explore the herbicidal activity and mechanism of Talaromyces purpureogenus CY-1, we determined the inhibitory effect of the fermentation broth of the CY-1 strain on weeds, identified the major active components, and further investigated the herbicidal mechanism.

Result: The results showed that CY-1, with IC50 values of 5.

Bayesian phylogeographic inference of wheat yellow mosaic virus in China and Japan suggests that the virus migration history coincided with historical events.

Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is one of the most serious viral pathogens causing reductions in wheat yield in East Asia. We investigated the phylodynamics of WYMV by analysing the CP, VPg and P1 genes to understand the origin and dispersal of the virus. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis revealed that the most recent common WYMV ancestor occurred in approximately 1742 (95% credibility interval, 1439-1916) CE (Common Era), and the evolutionary rates of the VPg, CP and P1 genes were 6.

Evaluation of the control efficacy of antagonistic bacteria from V-Ti magnetite mine tailings on kiwifruit brown spots in pot and field experiments.

Seemingly barren heavy-metal-polluted vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti) magnetite mine tailings contain various functional microbes, yet it is unclear whether this includes microbial resources relevant to the biological control of plant diseases. Kiwifruit brown leaf spot disease, caused by , can seriously reduce kiwifruit yield. To discover effective control measures for kiwifruit leaf spot, 18 bacteria strains among 136 tailing-isolated bacteria from V-Ti magnetite mine tailings were identified as inhibiting by the confrontation plate method, indicating that antagonistic bacteria surviving in the V-Ti magnetite mine tailings were present at a low level.

Molluscicidal effect mechanism study on metaldehyde to Pomacea canaliculate at low temperature.

Background: Metaldehyde is a molluscicide commonly used to control Pomacea canaliculate. Its efficacy is significantly impacted by water temperature, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored.

Results: In this study, we systematically investigated the temperature effect and molecular mechanisms of metaldehyde on P.

Molecular evolution and phylogeographic analysis of wheat dwarf virus.

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) has caused considerable economic loss in the global production of grain crops. Knowledge of the evolutionary biology and population history of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We performed molecular evolution and worldwide phylodynamic analyses of the virus based on the genes in the protein-coding region of the entire viral genome.

Inhibition of high sulfur on functional microorganisms and genes in slightly contaminated soil by cadmium and chromium.

It is generally accepted that sulfur can passivate the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, but it is not clear whether high sulfur in cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) contaminated soil has negative effect on soil microbial community and ecological function. In this study, total sulfur (TS) inhibited the Chao 1, Shannon, Phylogenetic diversity (Pd) of bacterial and Pd of fungi in slightly contaminated soil by Cd and Cr around pyrite. TS, total potassium, pH, total chromium, total cadmium, total nitrogen, soil organic matter were the predominant factors for soil microbial community; the contribution of TS in shaping bacterial and fungal communities ranked at first and fifth, respectively.

Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoSPAB1 directly activates rice Bsr-d1 expression to facilitate pathogenesis.

Fungal pathogens typically use secreted effector proteins to suppress host immune activators to facilitate invasion. However, there is rarely evidence supporting the idea that fungal secretory proteins contribute to pathogenesis by transactivating host genes that suppress defense. We previously found that pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae induces rice Bsr-d1 to facilitate infection and hypothesized that a fungal effector mediates this induction.

How accompanying ions affect soil heavy metal removal by polyepoxysuccinic acid during washing?

Soil washing with green eluent is an efficient technique to remediate heavy metal contaminated farmland. In addition to eluent, less is known about the roles of accompanying ions on heavy metal removal. We investigated the effects of accompanying ions including Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Al, Si and PO on the desorption of Pb and Cd in paddy and arid soils using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and polyepoxysuccinic acid as eluents.

Occurrence Regionalization of Kiwifruit Brown Spot in Sichuan.

Kiwifruit brown spot caused by is the most significant fungal disease in Sichuan, resulting in premature defoliation, which had a significant impact on yield and fruit quality. The objective of the study was to determine the occurrence regularity and suitability of kiwifruit brown spot in Sichuan. The occurrence of the disease in the main producing region was continuously monitored, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to predict its potential distribution, and the key environmental variables were identified using the jackknife method.

Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Kiwifruit Canker Based on a Lightweight and Efficient Generative Adversarial Network.

Disease diagnosis and control play important roles in agriculture and crop protection. Traditional methods of identifying plant disease rely primarily on human vision and manual inspection, which are subjective, have low accuracy, and make it difficult to estimate the situation in real time. At present, an intelligent detection technology based on computer vision is becoming an increasingly important tool used to monitor and control crop disease.

Validation of target protein PcnWAS in Pomacea canaliculata and screening of target-based molluscicidal compounds.

Virtual screening is an efficient way to obtain new drugs, which has become an important method in the field of pesticide research. Protein neural wiskott-Aldrich syndrome isoform X1 (PcnWAS) is a target protein that exists in the haemocytes of Pomacea canaliculata, and in this study, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to evaluate the binding ability of protein PcnWAS and pedunsaponin A in vitro. Furthermore, it was set as a receptor, and the design of molluscicidal compounds based on protein PcnWAS was carried out.

Identification and Genetic Characterization of pv. from Kiwifruit in Sichuan, China.

pv. causes kiwifruit bacterial canker and poses a major threat to the kiwifruit industry. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the pv.

Discovery of a Potential Molluscicide Based on Protein PcRoo in Gill Cilia of .

In modern pesticide discovery, target-based drug design is an attractive and cost-effective approach. Previous studies found that protein rootletin (PcRoo) is a target protein of arecoline, when interacted with . In this study, we modeled the target protein through threading, and the binding energy between arecoline and protein PcRoo was calculated as -5.

First Report of Colletotrichum fructicola Causing Anthracnose on Glycine max in China.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the important oilseed and vegetable crop worldwide and provides the main source of vegetable oil and proteins for human and livestock (Hartman et al. 2011).

Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with soil in the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China.

The ecology of soil fungi is poorly understood, and recent comprehensive reports on Trichoderma are unavailable for any region, including the Zoige alpine wetland ecological region in China. One hundred soil samples were collected from different soil types and soil layers in Zoige alpine wetland ecological regions. Using the traditional suspension plating method, 80 Trichoderma strains were chosen to analyze species diversity.

Comparison and Correlation of Populations from Kiwifruit and Other Hosts Based on Morphology, Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity.

Corynespora leaf spot, which is caused by (Berk. & M. A.

Maize-soybean relay strip intercropping reshapes the rhizosphere bacterial community and recruits beneficial bacteria to suppress root rot of soybean.

Rhizosphere microbes play a vital role in plant health and defense against soil-borne diseases. Previous studies showed that maize-soybean relay strip intercropping altered the diversity and composition of pathogenic species and biocontrol fungal communities in the soybean rhizosphere, and significantly suppressed soybean root rot. However, whether the rhizosphere bacterial community participates in the regulation of this intercropping on soybean root rot is not clear.

Physiological and metabolic analyses provide insight into soybean seed resistance to causing seed decay.

Seed-borne pathogens cause diverse diseases at the growth, pre- and post-harvest stage of soybean resulting in a large reduction in yield and quality. The physiological and metabolic aspects of seeds are closely related to their defense against pathogens. Recently, has been identified as the dominant seed-borne fungi of soybean seed decay, but little information on the responses of soybean seeds induced by is available.

Research on the molluscicidal activity and molecular mechanisms of arecoline against Pomacea canaliculata.

Pomacea canaliculata, as an invasive snail in China, can adversely affect agricultural crop yields, ecological environment, and human health. In this paper, we studied the molluscicidal activity and mechanisms of arecoline against P. canaliculata.

A novel bio-washing eluent obtained from fermentation of fruit wastes for removal of soil Pb: efficiency, mechanism, and risk assessment.

Agricultural wastes are inexpensive materials for soil remediation. However, the direct water extracts from these wastes showed low efficiency for Pb removal, thus limiting their application. In this study, citrus pericarp (CP) and pineapple peel (PP), as the common agricultural wastes, were inoculated with lactic acid bacteria to produce fermentation liquors (FCP and FPP) for improving Pb removal efficiency.

Response of microbiomes with different abundances to removal of metal fractions by soil washing.

Toxic metal contamination causes a great threat to soil ecosystem and human health. Soil washing is a fast practice for removing metals, but its influences on microbial diversity and the stability of soil ecosystem remain unknown. In this study, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid (CA), and fermented pineapple peel residue (FPP) were used as representatives of chelates, low molecular organic acids and biological materials to wash Pb-polluted soils, and their impacts on microbial community were investigated.