Global emissions of polychlorinated naphthalenes from 1912 to 2050.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) are persistent organic compounds that are regulated by the Stockholm Convention. Here, we estimate historical emissions from PCN production and use (1912-1987) and unintentional emissions from 20 categories (2000-2020). A random forest regression model projects emissions for 2020-2050.

Oxidative potential and persistent free radicals in dust storm particles and their associations with hospitalization.

Sand and dust storms (SDS) can cause adverse health effects, with the oxidative potential (OP) and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) inducing oxidative stress. We mapped the OP and EPFRs concentrations at 1735 sites in China during SDS periods using experimental data for 2021-2023 and a random forest model. We examined 855,869 hospitalizations during SDS events for 2015-2022 in Beijing, China.

Atmospheric emissions of fine particle matter bound rare earth elements from industry.

Unintentional releases of rare earth elements (REEs), emerging environmental pollutants, from global industries contribute to atmospheric pollution. However, a gap remains regarding the recognition of REYs in industrial fine particulate matter (PM) as a primary source of atmospheric PM. Here, we identified the characteristic of REEs in PM from 114 large-scale industries covering 13 important sectors.

Rare earth elements unintentionally released from global industrial activities.

Exposure to rare earth elements (REY) in the environment can lead to adverse effects on human health. Industrial activities unintentionally produce fly ash, and a small fraction of fly ash that remains uncaptured by air pollution control devices can enter the atmosphere and contribute as a primary source of airborne fine particle matter (PM). The occurrence of REY in industrial sourced fine PM affects the environment and human health.

Variation profiles, formation mechanisms, and emission risks of brominated flame retardant compounds during cement kiln co-processing of hexabromocyclododecane-containing waste.

Cement kiln co-processing technique has been suggested as a promising disposal method for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)-containing construction wastes. However, concerns persist regarding the potential emissions of secondary brominated flame retardant (BFR) compounds. To address this, we conducted both field and laboratory experiments to elucidate the emission characteristics and formation mechanisms of BFRs during the co-processing of HBCD-containing waste in cement kilns.

Priority Organic Pollutant Monitoring Inventory and Relative Risk Reduction Potential for Solid Waste Incineration.

Incineration is a promising sustainable treatment method for solid waste. However, the ongoing revelation of new toxic pollutants in this process has become a controversial issue impeding its development. Thus, identifying and regulating high-risk pollutants emerge as pivotal strides toward reconciling this debate.

Applying molecular oxygen for organic pollutant degradation: Strategies, mechanisms, and perspectives.

Molecular oxygen (O) is an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and non-toxic oxidant. Activation of O generates various highly oxidative reactive oxygen species (ROS), which efficiently degrade pollutants with minimal environmental impact. Despite extensive research on the application of O activation in environmental remediation, a comprehensive review addressing this topic is currently lacking.

Free radical mechanisms of ammonium sulfate as intensively used industrial materials on suppressing organic pollutants.

Organic free radicals are critical intermediates for the generation and inhibition of organic pollutants during industrial processes. Clarifying the free radical mechanism of pollutant inhibition is significant for their efficient control. Ammonium sulfate is intensively used in industrial materials to suppress organic pollutants.

Atmospheric emissions of particulate matter-bound heavy metals from industrial sources.

Although industrial activities are significant contributors to atmospheric releases of particulate matter (PM) and associated toxic substances that lead to adverse human health effects, a knowledge gap exists concerning the human health risk resulting from such activities owing to lack of evaluation of industrial emissions. Here, we comprehensively characterized and quantified PM from 118 full-scale industrial plants. The dominant (97.

Formation of persistent free radicals from epigallocatechin Gallate in tea processing and their implications on DNA damage and cell cytotoxicity.

Tea is widely consumed in both beverages and food. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most crucial active ingredient in tea. Currently, knowledges on transformation processes of EGCG during tea processing are lacking.

Atmospheric emissions of hexachlorobutadiene in fine particulate matter from industrial sources.

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is a concerning chemical that is included in the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, and the Stockholm Convention. Knowledge of the sources of HCBD is insufficient and is pivotal for accurate inventory and implementing global action. In this study, unintentional HCBD release and source emission factors of 121 full-scale industrial plants from 12 industries are investigated.

Man-made reactive oxygen species as green disinfectants.

Image 1.

Unexpected hydroxyl radical production in brewed tea under sunlight.

Tea is one of the world's most popular and widely consumed beverages. It is a common pastime to enjoy a cup of tea in the sunshine. However, little attention has been given to understanding the possible photochemical reactions occurring beneath the calm surface of brewed tea.

Target Analysis of Polychlorinated Naphthalenes and Nontarget Screening of Organic Chemicals in Bovine Milk, Infant Formula, and Adult Milk Powder by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Infant formula is intended as an effective substitute for breast milk but is the main source of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) to nonbreastfed infants. We performed target and nontarget analyses to determine PCNs and identify other organic contaminants in infant formula. The mean PCN concentrations in infant formula, milk powder, and bovine milk were 106.

Shenqu xiaoshi oral solution enhances digestive function and stabilizes the gastrointestinal microbiota of juvenile rats with infantile anorexia.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Massa Medicata Fermentata ("Shenqu") has long been applied in the treatment of indigestion in China; in fact, it is the active ingredient in the medicine Shenqu xiaoshi oral solution (SQXSOS). Based on robust clinical evidence, SQXSOS has shown efficacy in treating infantile anorexia (IFA).

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the underlying mechanisms by which SQXSOS treats IFA.

Global squid contamination by halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its trade induced risk transfer.

Squid is traded globally as an important food resource. However, the occurrence of carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAHs) in squid and the risk of their transfer through trade is little understood or recognized. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the occurrence and risk transfer by quantifying the congener-specific concentrations of HPAHs in 121 squid samples collected from the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans.

[Characteristics of Organic Matter Composition and Oxidation Potential in Road Dust in Winter in Xi'an].

Roads are the main places where urban people are exposed to atmospheric particulate matter from outdoor activities, and certain oxidatively active substances contained in road particulate matter are important components that induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn endanger human health. Here, we explored the characteristics of organic matter composition in water-soluble (WSM) and methanol-soluble fractions (MSM) of road dust in Xi'an and its oxidation potential (OP). Additionally, we investigated the organic fractions and their distribution based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and analyzed the correlation between organic matter types and OP.

Industrial source identification of polyhalogenated carbazoles and preliminary assessment of their global emissions.

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are emerging global pollutants found in environmental matrices, e.g., 3000 tonnes of PHCZs have been detected in the sediments of the Great Lakes.

Occurrences and spatial distributions of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in chlorobenzene and chloroethylene manufacturing processes in China.

As a group of pollutants listed in the Stockholm Convention, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) should be eliminated and their releases should be controlled. For this purpose, a complete PCB emission inventory is urgently required. Current unintentional releases of PCB were dominantly focused on waste incineration and non-ferrous metal production industries.

An updated global overview of the manufacture and unintentional formation of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs).

This review updates information on the historical manufacture and unintentional production of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). The direct toxicity of PCNs as a result of occupational human exposure and through contaminated feed in livestock was recognised decades ago, making PCNs a precursor chemical for consideration in occupational medicine and occupational safety. This was confirmed by the listing of PCNs by the Stockholm Convention as a persistent organic pollutant in the environment, food, animals and humans.