Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: a retrospective study at a single center in China over 3 years.

Objective: Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood (ANEC) is a rare, fulminant neurological disease in children with unknown mechanisms and etiology. This study summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of ANEC through a retrospective analysis, providing insights into the ANEC early diagnosis and prognosis assessment.

Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with ANEC at the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2023, were retrospectively analyzed.

Application of Different Sampling Methods Combined with Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing to Detect Pathogens in Children with Severe Pneumonia on Mechanical Ventilation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the value of applying different sampling methods combined with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect pathogens in children with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation.

Methods: Forty children with severe pneumonia on mechanical ventilation were selected, and routine endotracheal suctioning and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sampling methods were performed. The diagnostic efficacy of different sampling methods combined with mNGS versus traditional etiological pathogen detection strategies was compared.

Application Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients Under Intensive Care.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as a basis for the proper adjustment of the clinical treatment of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in pediatric patients under intensive care.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 46 pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed BSIs who were hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2018 to July 2021. Blood samples were collected for cultivation and for mNGS detection of pathogens.

Performance of Three Mortality Prediction Scores and Evaluation of Important Determinants in Eight Pediatric Intensive Care Units in China.

The mortality prediction scores were widely used in pediatric intensive care units. However, their performances were unclear in Chinese patients and there were also no reports based on large sample sizes in China. This study aims to evaluate the performances of three existing severity assessment scores in predicting PICU mortality and to identify important determinants.

Activation of the IL-1β/KLF2/HSPH1 pathway promotes STAT3 phosphorylation in alveolar macrophages during LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lethal disease with diffuse lung inflammation, in which JAK/STAT3 signaling has been well recognized for its role in initiating and amplifying inflammatory processes. However, the mechanism for the enhancement and maintenance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation has not yet been clearly demonstrated in ALI. In the present work, we established a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model through intratracheal instillation and isolated the alveolar macrophages (AMs) from the rats in the model.

Elevated IL-33 promotes expression of MMP2 and MMP9 via activating STAT3 in alveolar macrophages during LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Pulmonary inflammation and endothelial barrier permeability increase in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs in ALI/ARDS remains poorly understood.

Methods: A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rat model was established through intratracheal instillation.

[Benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis: a clinical analysis and follow-up study].

Objective: To study the clinical features and prognosis of benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (BICE).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 436 children with BICE, and among these children, 206 were followed up for 1.5 to 7 years.

Blockage of thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling improves acute lung injury in mice by regulating pulmonary dendritic cells.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of blockage of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) signaling by TSLP receptor (TSLPR)-immunoglobulin (Ig) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods: C57BL/6 mice received TSLPR-Ig or controlled-Ig before being induced ALI. Lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio was recorded.

[A multicenter prospective clinical study on continuous blood purification in treating childhood severe sepsis].

Objective: To evaluate efficacy of continuous blood purification (CBP) in childhood severe sepsis through the analysis of organ function, inflammatory mediators and prognosis.

Method: Forty-seven children with severe sepsis aged 29 days -16 years who were treated in PICU of Shanghai and Zhejiang five hospitals during October 1, 2011 and September 30, 2012 were enrolled; 30 cases treated with CBP were recorded as logged group , 17 cases without CBP as unlogged group. Changes in the cardiovascular, respiratory function, renal function, inflammatory markers, PRISM score III, PCIS and survival were observed and compared between the two groups at baseline (d0), first days (d1), second days (d2), third days (d3), fifth days (d5).