The Diagnostic and Differential Value of the Serum Albumin-to-Globulin Ratio in Multiple Myeloma.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of the serum albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) in diagnosing multiple myeloma (MM) and its differential diagnosis from other conditions such as liver and kidney diseases to provide scientific evidence for clinical decision-making.

Methods: A total of 52 newly-diagnosed MM patients from Tongxiang First People's Hospital between January 2020 and June 2024 were selected as the study group. Additionally, 56 patients newly diagnosed with liver disease and 58 patients newly diagnosed with kidney disease during the same period were used as disease control groups, along with 54 healthy individuals serving as the normal control group.

Identification of Potent Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Inhibitors by Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease but has limited medications. Targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been identified as a potential strategy for the treatment of PD. The development of LRRK2 inhibitors has attracted much interest, and various compounds have been reported with significant improvement in preclinical and clinical models.

Sleep Characteristics and Long-Term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With Gestational Diabetes.

Importance: Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sleep is a crucial lifestyle factor associated with cardiometabolic health, yet studies on its role in the progression from GD to T2D are sparse.

Objective: To investigate the associations of sleep duration and quality with T2D risk and levels of glucose metabolism biomarkers in women with a history of GD.

Elevated maternal serum bile acids level, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes: a cohort study of 117,789 pregnant women in China.

Background: Elevated maternal serum total bile acids (sTBA) level during pregnancy was associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Women with elevated sTBA could complicate with hepatic dysfunction or vascular disorders (hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, HDP), which aggravated adverse fetal outcomes. However, the relationships among sTBA level, hepatic dysfunction, HDP and adverse fetal outcomes were still illusive.

Healthy dietary patterns are associated with exposure to environmental chemicals in a pregnancy cohort.

Healthy dietary patterns, such as the alternate Mediterranean diet and alternate Healthy Eating Index, benefit cardiometabolic health. However, several food components of these dietary patterns are primary sources of environmental chemicals. Here, using data from a racially and ethnically diverse US cohort, we show that healthy dietary pattern scores were positively associated with plasma chemical exposure in pregnancy, particularly for the alternate Mediterranean diet and alternate Healthy Eating Index with polychlorinated biphenyls and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances.

Perinatal exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate and the risk of hepatic inflammation in rat offspring: Perturbation of gut-liver crosstalk.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure is associated with harmful hepatic outcomes. Growing evidence indicates that crosstalk between the gut microbiome, immune system, and liver plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Multi-omics reveal disturbance of glucose homeostasis in pregnant rats exposed to short-chain perfluorobutanesulfonic acid.

Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), a short-chain alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), is widely used in various products and is increasingly present in environmental media and human bodies. Recent epidemiological findings have raised concerns about its potential adverse health effects, although the specific toxic mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic toxicity of gestational PFBS exposure in maternal rats.

Metabolomic Biomarkers of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Dietary Patterns in Pregnant Women.

the aim of this study was to identify plasma metabolomic markers of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns in pregnant women. This study included 186 women who had both dietary intake and metabolome measured from a nested case-control study within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort (FGS). Dietary intakes were ascertained at 8-13 gestational weeks (GW) using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and DASH scores were calculated based on eight food and nutrient components.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic profile changes in the liver of Sprague Dawley rat offspring after maternal PFOS exposure during gestation and lactation.

Epidemiological and experimental research has indicated an association between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure and liver disease. However, the potential hepatotoxic effects and mechanisms of low-level prenatal PFOS exposure in offspring remain ambiguous. The objective of this research was to examine the alterations in liver transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in offspring rats at postnatal day (PND) 30 following gestational and lactational exposure to PFOS (from gestational day 1 to 20 and PND 1 to 21).

Longitudinal lipidomic profiles during pregnancy and associations with neonatal anthropometry: findings from a multiracial cohort.

Background: Maternal lipidomic profiling offers promise for characterizing lipid metabolites during pregnancy, but longitudinal data are limited. This study aimed to examine associations of longitudinal lipidomic profiles during pregnancy with multiple neonatal anthropometry using data from a multiracial cohort.

Methods: We measured untargeted plasma lipidome profiles among 321 pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Study-Singletons using plasma samples collected longitudinally during four study visits at gestational weeks (GW) 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39, respectively.

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure effect during pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in rat offspring.

Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates potential associations between gestational perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure and adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate PFBS exposure effects during pregnancy and lactation on rat offspring lipid profiles and the possible underlying mechanisms.

Extreme Temperature Exposure and Risks of Preterm Birth Subtypes Based on a Nationwide Survey in China.

Background: Previous studies have reported that ambient temperature may affect perinatal outcomes. However, whether extreme temperature affects the risk of preterm birth (PTB) remains controversial. Studies on the associations of extreme temperature with PTB subtypes are lacking.

Exposure to multiple air pollutant mixtures and the subtypes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: A multicenter study.

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) have heterogeneous etiologies. Previous studies have linked individual air pollutants to overall HDP with inconsistent results. Moreover, it has not been explored how exposure to a mixture of multiple air pollutants may affect the risks of the subtypes of the disorders.

Early life exposure to low-dose perfluorooctane sulfonate disturbs gut barrier homeostasis and increases the risk of intestinal inflammation in offspring.

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one of the legacy per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is associated with multiple adverse health effects on children. However, much remains to be known about its potential impacts on intestinal immune homeostasis during early life. Our study found that PFOS exposure during pregnancy in rats significantly increased the maternal serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and zonulin, a gut permeability biomarker, and decreased gene expressions of Tight junction protein 1 (Tjp1) and Claudin-4 (Cldn4), the tight junction proteins, in maternal colons on gestation day 20 (GD20).

Metabolic perturbations in pregnant rats exposed to low-dose perfluorooctanesulfonic acid: An integrated multi-omics analysis.

Emerging epidemiological evidence has linked per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure could be linked to the disturbance of gestational glucolipid metabolism, but the toxicological mechanism is unclear, especially when the exposure is at a low level. This study examined the glucolipid metabolic changes in pregnant rats treated with relatively low dose perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) through oral gavage during pregnancy [gestational day (GD): 1-18]. We explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic perturbation.

Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic strategy for cognitive improvement.

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), the largest member of PDE family, is highly expressed in mammalian brain. It selectively hydrolyzes the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a correlate of brain functions including learning, memory and cognitive abilities. Its inhibition is beneficial to counteract cognitive deficits.

Acute and chronic maternal exposure to fine particulate matter and prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes: A nation-wide survey in China.

Background: Prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes (PROM) is a major contributor to adverse perinatal outcomes. Some epidemiologic studies explored the association between maternal PM exposure and PROM but failed to treat the labor induction and prelabor cesarean section as censored observations.

Objective: We aimed to evaluated whether acute and chronic maternal ambient PM exposure may increase the risk of PROM in China.

Prenatal Exposure to PM and Its Specific Components and Risk of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. Fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to HDP risk; however, limited studies have explored the relationships between specific chemical constituents of PM and HDP risk. Based on maternal data from the China Labor and Delivery Survey (CLDS), this study included a total of 67,659 participants from 95 participant hospitals in 25 provinces of China between March 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016.

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in 2-year-old children: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Humans are widely exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). As fetal stage is a critical window for neurodevelopment, it is important to know if in utero exposure to PFAS affects fetal neurodevelopment. However, previous human studies are both limited and inconsistent.