Novel aqueous biphasic system based on ionic liquid for the simultaneous extraction of seven active pharmaceutical ingredients in aquatic environment.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics are classes of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which are continuously contaminating the ecosystem through various anthropogenic activities. Because of their pseudo-persistence in the aquatic environment and their potentially chronic effects on aquatic life, it is important to closely monitor their concentrations in the aquatic environment using a sensitive analytical method. Sustainable aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of ionic liquids and biodegradable organic salt (sodium malate) were proposed.

[Factors influencing the use of health care services from patients with COPD in Chengdu].

Objective: To investigate the use of health care services by COPD patients and to identify factors that shape the pattern of services utilization.

Methods: All of the COPD patients who lived in the six randomly selected communities with community health services in 2003 were surveyed. A total of 446 patients completed the interview-administered questionnaires.

[Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negative Staphylococci in Chengdu].

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular prevalence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CONS) in Chengdu.

Methods: Disk diffusion method was used to test antimicrobial resistance of 2038 CoNS isolated from 15 hospitals and 6 CDCs (center for disease control and prevention) in Chengdu, the results were interpreted according to the guideline of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. CoNS were typed with plasmid and PFGE (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) profiles.

[Study on the resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to disinfectants in relationship with its plasmid pO157 and chromosome DNA].

Objective: To study the change of Escherichia coli O157:H7 resistance to disinfectants in continuous disinfection and the relationship between the resistance and pO157, chromosome DNA.

Methods: Using 4 disinfectants in a separate manner to disinfect 5 Escherichia coli O157:H7 50 generations continuously, we made a before-after comparison of their resistibility and analyzed the change of the structure of pO157 and chromosome DNA.

Results: After the 50-generation-continuous disinfection, the bacteria resistance to sodium dichloroisocyanurate, iodophor and quaternary ammonium increased, but the resistance to chlorhexidiniacetas did not any change; the maps Cal I and Rsr II cutting pO157 revealed some changed after disinfection by sodium dichloroisocyanurate and quaternary ammonium, but the maps showed no change after disinfection by iodophor and chlorhexidiniacetas; the chromosome DNA PFGE maps change considerably after 50 generations of disinfection by sodium dichloroisocyanurate, iodophor and quaternary ammonium, but the chromosome DNA PFGE maps were similar after 50 generation of disinfection by chlorhexidiniacetas.