Publications by authors named "Guoming Chen"

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), superseding juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting children and characterized by various types of childhood arthritis. JIA manifests clinically with joint inflammation, swelling, pain, and limited mobility, potentially leading to long-term joint damage if untreated. This study aimed to identify genes associated with the progression and prognosis of JIA polyarticular to enhance clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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  • The gut microbiome has a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting it could help with early detection and prognosis of the disease.
  • This review examines how gut bacteria influence CRC through various mechanisms, such as inflammation and immune response, and considers their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for screening.
  • The authors emphasize the need for more advanced genetic studies to better understand the connection between the microbiome and CRC, ultimately aiming to enhance diagnostic methods and personalized treatment options.
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Topoisomerase is a ubiquitous enzyme in the control of DNA chain topology. There have been extensive research on topoisomerase inhibitors derived from natural sources, which act as partial inducers of tumor cell apoptosis. However, their specific efficacy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma is relatively unexplored.

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  • - The study focuses on melanoma treatment challenges, highlighting the need for a model that can predict prognosis and assess drug sensitivity using programmed cell death (PCD) modes.
  • - Researchers analyzed 13 PCD modes to create a Cell Death Index (CDI) based on gene signatures, which was validated with various data sources and showed distinct differences in patient outcomes.
  • - The CDI model effectively predicts melanoma prognosis and drug resistance, indicating that patients with higher CDI values have poorer postoperative outcomes.
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  • Cachexia is a serious condition seen in various diseases that results in severe muscle and potentially fat loss, which can lead to higher death rates.
  • It is driven by several signaling pathways and molecules that increase muscle breakdown while decreasing muscle building and repair.
  • Non-coding RNAs, like microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are crucial in understanding muscle loss in cachexia and have the potential to serve as biomarkers and targets for new treatments.
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The Competitor, Stress Tolerator, and Ruderal (CSR) theory delineates the ecological strategies of plant species. Nevertheless, how these ecological strategies shift at the levels of individuals, functional groups and plant communities to cope with increasing nitrogen deposition remains unclear. In this study, simulated nitrogen deposition experiments were performed in high-altitude grasslands of alpine meadows and alpine steppe on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) by employing the strategy and functional type framework (StrateFy) methodology to evaluate plant CSR strategies.

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  • * A study analyzed data from 34 trials to compare the effectiveness of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors versus standard treatments for patients with low PD-L1 expression (< 1%), revealing that combination therapies provided significant survival benefits over standard care, especially in non-small cell lung cancer and other specific cancers.
  • * Overall, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to standard treatment, while monotherapy results were
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  • Chronic exposure to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in cancers leads to tryptophan shortage via the IDO-kynurenine pathway, which results in abnormal peptides being produced through ribosomal frameshifting and codon reassignment.
  • In EBV-positive gastric cancer (GC), infiltrating lymphocytes secrete IFN-γ, increasing IDO1 expression and depleting tryptophan, which promotes the production of tryptophan-to-phenylalanine (W>F) substitutants.
  • The mTOR/eIF4E signaling pathway plays a crucial role in this process, as inhibiting it can reduce W>F substitutant production and improve antigen presentation,
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Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), integral to the tumour microenvironment, are pivotal in cancer progression, exhibiting either pro-tumourigenic or anti-tumourigenic functions. Their inherent phenotypic and functional diversity allows for the subdivision of CAFs into various subpopulations. While several classification systems have been suggested for different cancer types, a unified molecular classification of CAFs on a single-cell pan-cancer scale has yet to be established.

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune pathology characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and gradually advancing bone destruction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), as a family of zinc-containing enzymes, have been found to play an important role in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs participate in processes of cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and cell metabolism.

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Objective: To compare the computed tomography (CT) images of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in order to identify CT features that could predict pathological response to NAC.

Methods: We included patients with locally advanced GC who underwent gastrectomy after NAC from September 2016 to September 2021. We retrieved and collected the patients' clinicopathological characteristics and CT images before and after NAC.

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As a worldwide public health issue, cancer-induced cachexia can result in decreasing physical function and survival rate. However, the therapeutic effects of conventional approaches, including pharmacotherapy, exercise and nutritional intervention, are far from satisfactory. Herbal medicines (HMs), especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), are reported to effectively treat cachexia for centuries.

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  • A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of breathing exercises on chronic low back pain (CLBP), as previous findings were inconclusive.
  • The research analyzed thirteen randomized controlled trials, revealing significant improvements in pain levels, lumbar function, and pulmonary function after breathing exercises.
  • The results suggest that breathing exercises can be a useful alternative treatment for CLBP, helping to alleviate pain and improve overall physical function.
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Background: The effect of a single tumor marker on the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is not ideal. This study explored a novel prognostic assessment method for gastric cancer (GC) patients using a combination of three important tumor markers (CEA, CA72-4, and CA19-9).

Method: Data from 1966 GC patients who underwent curative gastrectomy at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou, China) were included.

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Background: Recently, many studies have explored the relationship between the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prognosis in gastric cancer, but there is still controversy. Additionally, few studies have specifically investigated the expression of PD-L1 in patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

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Objectives: There still remain challenges to accurate diagnosis of lymph node (LN) involvement in gastric cancer (GC) on conventional CT. This study evaluated the quantitative data derived from dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT) for preoperative diagnosis of metastatic LNs compared to conventional CT images.

Methods: Patients with adenocarcinoma scheduled for gastrectomy were enrolled in this prospective study from July, 2021, to February, 2022.

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Background: Relapse-free survival (RFS) has been considered a primary endpoint to assess the effects of immunotherapy in the adjuvant setting among patients with early-stage disease. However, it is not clear whether RFS is a valid surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) in this clinical context.

Methods: Phase II or III clinical trials of adjuvant immunotherapy that reported hazard ratios on OS and RFS were identified.

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  • Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer globally, and the study explores the role of Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in its tumorigenesis and growth using patient data from TCGA and GEO.
  • Researchers performed unsupervised cluster analysis to identify molecular subtypes based on CRGs expression and assessed their clinical significance through Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis, revealing that some subtypes had a better prognosis linked to immune cell levels.
  • The study identified 173 CRGs, with 34 showing strong correlation to GC prognosis, using LASSO regression to filter down to 16 signature genes, ultimately developing a risk scoring system that separated patients into high- and low-risk groups with
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Natural gas jet fire induced by igniting blowouts has the potential to cause critical structure damage and great casualties of offshore platforms. Real-time natural gas jet fire plume prediction is essential to support the emergency planning to mitigate subsequent damage consequence and ocean pollution. Deep learning based on a large amount of Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations has recently been applied to real-time fire modeling.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global medical problem. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a powerful weapon against many cancers, but it is not sensitive to some patients with HCC. We obtained datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database on HCC patients and PD-1 immunotherapy to select seven intersecting DEGs.

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Background: Although the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has been increasing since the past decade, the proportion of AEG cases in two previous clinical trials (ACTS-GC and CLASSIC) that investigated the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy was relatively small. Therefore, whether AEG patients can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear.

Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with pathological stage II/III, Siewert II/III AEG, and underwent curative surgery at three high-volume institutions were assessed.

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