Increased GABBR2 Expression on Cell Membranes Causes Increased Ca2 + Inward Flow, Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Early Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are a serious global public health problem. The aim of this study was to analyze the key molecular pathological mechanisms that occur in early AD progression as well as MCI. Expression profiling data from brain homogenates of 8 normal volunteers, and 6 patients with prodromal AD who had developed MCI were analyzed, and the data were obtained from GSE12685.

The potential of natural products to inhibit abnormal aggregation of α-Synuclein in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), as a refractory neurological disorder with complex etiology, currently lacks effective therapeutic agents. Natural products (NPs), derived from plants, animals, or microbes, have shown promising effects in PD models through their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the enhancement of mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy. The misfolding and deposition of α-Synuclein (α-Syn), due to abnormal overproduction and impaired clearance, being central to the death of dopamine (DA) neurons.

The relationship between Fruit and vegetable intake and frailty: Data from NHANES 2007-2018.

Background: Previous studies have indicated a certain relationship between the intake of fruits and vegetables and frailty. However, there is currently a lack of research on the association between fruit and vegetable intake and frailty.

Objective: This study aims to explore the potential correlation between fruit and vegetable intake and frailty.

Facile engineered macrophages-derived exosomes-functionalized PLGA nanocarrier for targeted delivery of dual drug formulation against neuroinflammation by modulation of microglial polarization in a post-stroke depression rat model.

Post-stroke depression (POSD) is a common difficulty and most predominant emotional syndrome after stroke often consequences in poor outcomes. In the present investigation, we have designed and studied the neurologically active celastrol/minocycline encapsulated with macrophages-derived exosomes functionalized PLGA nanoformulations (CMC-EXPL) to achieve enhanced anti-inflammatory behaviour and anti-depressant like activity in a Rat model of POSD. The animal model of POSD was established through stimulating process with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUM) stimulations after procedure of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Fenofibrate-promoted hepatomegaly and liver regeneration are PPAR-dependent and partially related to the YAP pathway.

Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, is widely prescribed for hyperlipidemia management. Recent studies also showed that it has therapeutic potential in various liver diseases. However, its effects on hepatomegaly and liver regeneration and the involved mechanisms remain unclear.

Progress of nanoparticle drug delivery system for the treatment of glioma.

Gliomas are typical malignant brain tumours affecting a wide population worldwide. Operation, as the common treatment for gliomas, is always accompanied by postoperative drug chemotherapy, but cannot cure patients. The main challenges are chemotherapeutic drugs have low blood-brain barrier passage rate and a lot of serious adverse effects, meanwhile, they have difficulty targeting glioma issues.

Biological role of mitochondrial TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in central nervous system injury.

Previous studies suggested that central nervous system injury is often accompanied by the activation of Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB pathway, which leads to the upregulation of proapoptotic gene expression, causes mitochondrial oxidative stress, and further aggravates the inflammatory response to induce cell apoptosis. Subsequent studies have shown that NF-κB and IκBα can directly act on mitochondria. Therefore, elucidation of the specific mechanisms of NF-κB and IκBα in mitochondria may help to discover new therapeutic targets for central nervous system injury.

Comparing Outcomes of Thrombectomy Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis Based on Middle Cerebral Artery M2 Occlusion Features.

Background: Current evidence provides limited support for the superiority of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusion. We aim to investigate whether imaging features of M2 segment occlusion impact the effectiveness of EVT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from January 2017 to January 2022, drawing data from the CASE II registry (Computer-Based Online Database of Acute Stroke Patients for Stroke Management Quality Evaluation), which specifically documented patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting with M2 segment occlusion undergoing reperfusion therapy.

High Engraftment and Metastatic Rates in Orthotopic Xenograft Models of Gastric Cancer via Direct Implantation of Tumor Cell Suspensions.

Although the implantation of intact tumor fragments is a common practice to generate orthotopic xenografts to study tumor invasion and metastasis, the direct implantation of tumor cell suspensions is necessary when prior manipulations of tumor cells are required. However, the establishment of orthotopic xenografts using tumor cell suspensions is not mature, and a comparative study directly comparing their engraftment and metastatic capabilities is lacking. It is unclear whether tumor fragments are superior to cell suspensions for successful engraftment and metastasis.

Argatroban in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Early Neurological Deterioration: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effect of argatroban in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and early neurological deterioration (END) is unknown.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of argatroban for END in AIS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label, blinded-end point, randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 4, 2020, through July 31, 2022.

Prediction factors and clinical significance of different types of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis.

Background And Purpose: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke seriously affects the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of different types of HT and their correlation with prognosis after IVT.

Methods: Based on the CASE II registry, we included patients with acute ischemic stroke who received IVT within 4.

Correlation Study of Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Cerebral Apoplexy After Intravenous rt-PA Thrombolysis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between chronic renal insufficiency and the long-term prognosis of patients with acute ischemic cerebral apoplexy after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis.

Methods: 290 patients (194 males and 96 females) with acute cerebral infarction who received intravenous rt-PA thrombolysis were admitted to Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital from May 2018 to December 2020. Their clinical baseline data were recorded.

Anti-apoptotic protein BCL-XL as a therapeutic vulnerability in gastric cancer.

Background: New therapeutic targets are needed to improve the outcomes for gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced disease. Evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a hallmark of cancer cells and direct induction of apoptosis by targeting the pro-survival BCL2 family proteins represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer cell survival could provide a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions.

Myeloid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α deficiency accelerates liver regeneration via IL-6/STAT3 pathway after 2/3 partial hepatectomy in mice.

Background: Liver regeneration is a fundamental process for sustained body homeostasis and liver function recovery after injury. Emerging evidence demonstrates that myeloid cells play a critical role in liver regeneration by secreting cytokines and growth factors. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), the target of clinical lipid-lowering fibrate drugs, regulates cell metabolism, proliferation, and survival.

The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. During the development of cardiovascular diseases, hypoxia plays a crucial role. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the key transcription factors for adaptive hypoxic responses, which orchestrate the transcription of numerous genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, glycolytic metabolism, inflammation, and so on.

Inhibition of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture in Mice.

Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in the initiation and development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Recent studies suggested that neutrophils could release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), leading to tissue injury in cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of NETs in AAA is elusive.

YAP-TEAD mediates PPAR α-induced hepatomegaly and liver regeneration in mice.

Background And Aims: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα, NR1C1) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor involved in the regulation of lipid catabolism and energy homeostasis. PPARα activation induces hepatomegaly and plays an important role in liver regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Approach And Results: In this study, the effect of PPARα activation on liver enlargement and regeneration was investigated in several strains of genetically modified mice.

Cardiomyocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is essential for energy metabolism and extracellular matrix homeostasis during pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor critical for systemic lipid homeostasis, has been shown closely related to cardiac remodeling. However, the roles of cardiomyocyte PPARα in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains unclear because of lacking a cardiomyocyte-specific Ppara-deficient (Ppara) mouse model. This study aimed to determine the specific role of cardiomyocyte PPARα in transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac remodeling using an inducible Ppara mouse model.

Serum Adropin as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

Adropin, a peptide translated from the (), was mainly expressed in the liver and was a regulator in metabolic and energy homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the correlation between adropin and histological characteristics of the liver, and the clinical relevance of adropin in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). A total of 62 subjects, including 32 healthy controls and 30 MAFLD patients, were enrolled in this case-control study.

Increased systemic immune-inflammation index can predict respiratory failure in patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a common peripheral neuropathy with relatively heterogenous clinical manifestations. In severe cases, it can result in disabling neuromuscular symptoms and respiratory failure. In this study, we assessed whether the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is associated with respiratory failure in GBS patients.

Etoposide and immunotherapy can improve the outcome of severe anti-GABAB R encephalitis presenting with delta brush: A case report.

Rationale: Anti-gamma-aminobutyric-acid B receptor (anti-GABAB R) encephalitis is clinically characterized by seizures, cognitive disorders, and behavioral changes. Most patients are diagnosed with small-cell lung carcinoma.

Patient Concerns: The patient suffered from a repeated grand mal seizure lasting for 10 minutes, intermittent speech vagueness, manic at night, and mental disorder.

Rare genetic E196A mutation in a patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case report and literature.

Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) is characterized by mutations in the PRNP gene and represents approximately 10-15% of the human prion diseases. Here, we report a 42-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with gCJD. The patient had a rare mutation in codon 196 (E196A) of PRNP leading to an exchange of amino acid from glutamic acid (E) to alanine (A).

Hypoxia inducible factor 1α in vascular smooth muscle cells promotes angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling via activation of CCL7-mediated macrophage recruitment.

The process of vascular remodeling is associated with increased hypoxia. However, the contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), the key transcription factor mediating cellular hypoxic responses, to vascular remodeling is established, but not completely understood. In the angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular remodeling model, HIF1α was increased and activated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

Hepatocyte peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α regulates bile acid synthesis and transport.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) controls lipid homeostasis through regulation of lipid transport and catabolism. PPARα activators are clinically used for hyperlipidemia treatment. The role of PPARα in bile acid (BA) homeostasis is beginning to emerge.

Anti-inflammatory treatment with β-asarone improves impairments in social interaction and cognition in MK-801 treated mice.

The aim of this study investigates whether β-asarone can improve cognition deficits in dizocilpine (MK-801) treated mice. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control group (CON), MK-801-treated group (MK-801), MK-801 plus β-asarone group (MK-801+β-asa) and β-asarone group (β-asa). Behavioral tests, including sociability test, open field test (OPT) and Morris water-maze (MWM), were performed.