Association of 3-year change in frailty index with risk of all-cause mortality among older Chinese population: a national cohort study.

Background: Evidence on the association of dynamic change in frailty index (FI) with risk of all-cause mortality in the older Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to explore the association of 3-year change in FI with risk of all-cause mortality in an older Chinese population.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 4969 participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Online transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals dynamic interactions between language control and processing in bilingual language production.

Language production in bilinguals relies on the collaborative interaction between two neural systems: the language control system (e.g. the right inferior frontal gyrus) and the language processing system (e.

Interaction between adolescent sleep rhythms and gender in an obese population.

Background: The obesity rate of adolescents is gradually increasing, which seriously affects their mental health, and sleep plays an important role in adolescent obesity.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between sleep rhythm and obesity among adolescents and further explores the interactive effect of sleep rhythm and gender on adolescent obesity, providing a theoretical basis for developing interventions for adolescent obesity.

Methods: Research data source Tianjin Mental Health Promotion Program for Students.

Universality in eye movements and reading: A replication with increased power.

Liversedge, Drieghe, Li, Yan, Bai and Hyönä (2016) reported an eye movement study that investigated reading in Chinese, Finnish and English (languages with markedly different orthographic characteristics). Analyses of the eye movement records showed robust differences in fine grained characteristics of eye movements between languages, however, overall sentence reading times did not differ. Liversedge et al.

Processing multiconstituent units: Preview effects during reading of Chinese words, idioms, and phrases.

Arguably, the most contentious debate in the field of eye movement control in reading has centered on whether words are lexically processed serially or in parallel during reading. Chinese is character-based and unspaced, meaning the issue of how lexical processing is operationalized across potentially ambiguous, multicharacter strings is not straightforward. We investigated Chinese readers' processing of frequently occurring multiconstituent units (MCUs), that is, linguistic units composed of more than a single word, that might be represented lexically as a single representation.

Chinese version of - A self-report video game for assessing mental health in young children.

Objectives: Assess the validity of the Chinese version of the (DI), a 91-item, video-based diagnostic screening instrument for children that assesses four internalized disorders (phobias, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder) and three externalized disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder).

Methods: (1) Compare DI-generated "probable" or "possible" diagnoses to diagnoses based on the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) instrument in 113 psychiatric outpatients and 20 community controls. (2) Administer DI to 1,479 children from elementary schools in Tianjin.

Association of 3-year change in sleep duration with risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese older population: A national cohort study.

Background: Existing evidence on the association of dynamic change in sleep duration with risk of all-cause mortality in Chinese older population is limited. We aimed to explore the association of 3-year change in sleep duration with risk of all-cause mortality in a Chinese older population.

Materials And Methods: A total of 5772 Chinese older participants (median age 82 years) were enrolled in the current study.

The relationship between psychological resilience, neuroticism, attentional bias, and depressive symptoms in college Chinese students.

In recent years, the incidence of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students has been increasing. Studies have shown that depressive symptoms are related to a variety of psychosocial factors, among which neuroticism, resilience, and attention bias are most notably related, but the correlation among the three is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the influence mechanisms of different degrees of resilience, attentional bias, and neuroticism in the formation of depressive symptoms.

Help-Seeking Behaviors and Related Factors in Chinese Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Although evidence-based and effective treatments are available for people with major depressive disorder (MDD), a substantial number do not seek or receive help. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) investigate the total help-seeking rate and first-time help-seeking choices; (2) explore the perceived helpfulness of 23 potential sources; and (3) evaluate the factors related to help-seeking behaviors among patients with MDD.

Materials And Methods: Data came from the Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS), which included a representative sample of adult community residents ( = 11,748) in the Chinese municipality of Tianjin.

Phase-Amplitude Coupling Brain Networks in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

In cognitive neuroscience, there is an increasing interest in identifying and understanding the synchronization of distinct neural oscillations with different frequencies that might support dynamic communication within the brain. This study explored the cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling brain network characteristics of resting-state electroencephalograms between 30 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 30 age-matched typically developing children. Compared with control group, children with ADHD show increased coupling intensity and altered distribution patterns of dominant paired channels, especially in the δ-γ, θ-γ, α-γ, β-γ, and β-γ coupling networks.

Second Language Proficiency Modulates the Dependency of Bilingual Language Control on Domain-General Cognitive Control.

The relationship between bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control has been a hot topic in the research field of bilingualism. Previous studies mostly examined the correlation between performances of bilinguals in language control tasks and that in domain-general cognitive control tasks and came to the conclusions that they overlap, partially overlap, or are qualitatively different. These contradictory conclusions are possibly due to the neglect of the moderating effect of second language (L2) proficiency, that is, the relationship between bilingual language control and domain-general cognitive control might vary with the L2 proficiency of bilinguals.

Changes in Nutritional Outcomes After Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the changes in nutritional indicators in individuals with obesity before and after SG.

Materials And Methods: A systematic retrieval of the available literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The following indicators were evaluated: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B12, folate, magnesium, and zinc from pre-operation to post-operation.

The influence of emotional face distractors on attentional orienting in Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder.

The current study examined how emotional faces impact on attentional control at both involuntary and voluntary levels in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A non-face single target was either presented in isolation or synchronously with emotional face distractors namely angry, happy and neutral faces. ASD and typically developing children made more erroneous saccades towards emotional distractors relative to neutral distractors in parafoveal and peripheral conditions.

A Study on Resting EEG Effective Connectivity Difference before and after Neurofeedback for Children with ADHD.

Altered functional networks in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been frequently reported, but effective connectivity has hardly been studied. Especially the differences of effective connectivity in children with ADHD after receiving neurofeedback (NF) training have been merely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effective networks of ADHD and the positive influence of NF on the effective networks.

Contrasting off-line segmentation decisions with on-line word segmentation during reading.

In two experiments, we investigated the correspondences between off-line word segmentation and on-line segmentation processing during Chinese reading. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to read sentences which contained critical four-character strings, and then, they were required to segment the same sentences into words in a later off-line word segmentation task. For each item, participants were split into 1-word segmenters (who segmented four-character strings as a single word) and 2-word segmenters (who segmented four-character strings as 2 two-character words).

VC-Net: Deep Volume-Composition Networks for Segmentation and Visualization of Highly Sparse and Noisy Image Data.

The fundamental motivation of the proposed work is to present a new visualization-guided computing paradigm to combine direct 3D volume processing and volume rendered clues for effective 3D exploration. For example, extracting and visualizing microstructures in-vivo have been a long-standing challenging problem. However, due to the high sparseness and noisiness in cerebrovasculature data as well as highly complex geometry and topology variations of micro vessels, it is still extremely challenging to extract the complete 3D vessel structure and visualize it in 3D with high fidelity.

Migrant adolescents' behavioral problems compared to host adolescents and adolescents in their region of origin: a longitudinal study.

Background: Since the 1990s, families from the ecologically hostile mountainous southern areas of Ningxia Province, China, have been migrating to the northern areas of the province. This study compared the prevalence of behavioral problems among migrant adolescents to those among host adolescents (adolescents from the northern areas) and adolescents in the region of origin (adolescents from the southern areas), to determine whether ecological migration is related to adolescent behavioral problems, and possible changes in such problems over time.

Methods: We used the Children and Adolescents Ecological Migration Survey on Mental Health, administered to 4805 students aged 12-16 years and their parents between 2012 and 2014 (W1), of whom 1753 students and their parents completed the follow-up between 2014 and 2017 (W2).

Task demands modulate the effects of speech on text processing.

Task-irrelevant background sound can disrupt performance of visually based cognitive tasks. The cross-modal breakdown of attentional selectivity in the context of reading was addressed using analyses of eye movements. Moreover, the study addressed whether task-sensitivity to distraction via background speech on reading was modulated by the cognitive demands of the focal task.

Flexibility in the perceptual span during reading: Evidence from Mongolian.

Readers can acquire useful information from only a narrow region of text around each fixation (the perceptual span), which extends asymmetrically in the direction of reading. Studies with bilingual readers have additionally shown that this asymmetry reverses with changes in horizontal reading direction. However, little is known about the perceptual span's flexibility following orthogonal (vertical vs.

Long-term outcomes of macrovascular diseases and metabolic indicators of bariatric surgery for severe obesity type 2 diabetes patients with a meta-analysis.

There is currently no detailed evidence for the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on severely obese with type 2 diabetes, such as the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. In order to provide evidence on the risks of macrovascular diseases and metabolic indicators of bariatric surgery follow-up for more than five years, we searched in the Cochrane library, Pubmed, and EMBASE databases from the earliest studies to January 31, 2019. Randomized clinical trials or cohort studies compared bariatric surgery and conventional medical therapy for long-term incidence of macrovascular events and metabolic outcomes in severely obese patients with T2DM.

Eye Movements Reveal Delayed Use of Construction-Based Pragmatic Information During Online Sentence Reading: A Case of Chinese … Construction.

An event-related potential (ERP) study demonstrated that construction-based pragmatic constraints in Chinese (e.g., … that constrains a low-likelihood event and is similar to in English) can rapidly influence sentence comprehension and the mismatch of such constraints would lead to increased neural activity on the mismatching word.

The Influence of Irrelevant Visual Distractors on Eye Movement Control in Chinese Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from the Remote Distractor Paradigm.

The current study examined eye movement control in autistic (ASD) children. Simple targets were presented in isolation, or with central, parafoveal, or peripheral distractors synchronously. Sixteen children with ASD (47-81 months) and nineteen age and IQ matched typically developing children were instructed to look to the target as accurately and quickly as possible.

Reading skill modulates the effect of parafoveal distractors on foveal lexical decision in deaf students.

In low-level perceptual tasks and reading tasks, deaf individuals show a redistribution of spatial visual attention toward the parafoveal and peripheral visual fields. In the present study, the experiment adopted the modified flanker paradigm and utilized a lexical decision task to investigate how these unique visual skills may influence foveal lexical access in deaf individuals. It was predicted that irrelevant linguistic stimuli presented in parafoveal vision, during a lexical decision task, would produce a larger interference effect for deaf college student readers if the stimuli acted as distractors during the task.

Word skipping in Chinese reading: The role of high-frequency preview and syntactic felicity.

Two experiments are reported to investigate whether Chinese readers skip a high-frequency preview word without taking the syntax of the sentence context into account. In Experiment 1, we manipulated target word syntactic category, frequency, and preview using the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975). For high-frequency verb targets, there were identity and pseudocharacter previews alongside a low-frequency noun preview.