Pyrimidine synthesis enzyme CTP synthetase 1 suppresses antiviral interferon induction by deamidating IRF3.

Metabolism is typically contextualized in conjunction with proliferation and growth. The roles of metabolic enzymes beyond metabolism-such as in innate immune responses-are underexplored. Using a focused short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated screen, we identified CTP synthetase 1 (CTPS1), a rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine synthesis, as a negative regulator of interferon induction.

Helicase-independent function of RIG-I against murine gammaherpesvirus 68 via blocking the nuclear translocation of viral proteins.

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against viral pathogens. Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RIG-I) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes virus-associated double-stranded RNA and initiates the interferon responses. Besides signal transduction, RIG-I exerts direct antiviral functions to displace viral proteins on dsRNA via its Helicase activity.

An aquatic virus exploits the IL6-STAT3-HSP90 signaling axis to promote viral entry.

Viral seasonality in the aquaculture industry is an important scientific issue for decades. While the molecular mechanisms underpinning the temperature-dependent pathogenesis of aquatic viral diseases remain largely unknown. Here we report that temperature-dependent activation of IL6-STAT3 signaling was exploited by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) to promote viral entry via increasing the expression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90).

Lanostane-type triterpenoids from the mycelial mat of Ganoderma lucidum and their hepatoprotective activities.

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), a well-known Polyporaceae family fungus, is valued for its edibility and medicinal properties. It is a rich source of active polysaccharides and triterpenoids.

Circumferential Decompression Technique of Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy.

Objective: Cervical osseous foraminal stenosis (COFS) results from the uncinate process and facet hyperostosis. Currently, the optimal surgical technique for the treatment of COFS remains controversial.

Materials And Methods: Patients with COFS presenting radiculopathy underwent posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy by the circumferential decompression technique.

Heterotrophically Ultrahigh-Cell-Density Cultivation of a High Protein-Yielding Unicellular Alga With a Novel Nitrogen-Supply Strategy.

The unicellular green alga is an ideal protein source. However, the high production cost and low production capability of the current main photoautotrophic culture mode limit its application especially as an alternative protein source for food and feed, which might be overcome through high-cell-density cultivation in fermenters. In this study, a strain CMBB276 with high protein content was selected from five strains by comprehensive evaluation of their growth rates, protein contents, and yields.

Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green alga Chlorella sorokiniana for biomass production.

Heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella has achieved commercial success, but the application of Chlorella biomass is still limited due to the high cost of biomass production. In this study, an effective and industrially scalable heterotrphic cultivation technology has been developed for a production strain Chlorella sorokiniana GT-1. Under the optimized culturing conditions, the ultrahigh biomass concentration of 271 and 247 g L was achieved in 7.

Ultrahigh-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of the unicellular green microalga Scenedesmus acuminatus and application of the cells to photoautotrophic culture enhance biomass and lipid production.

Although production of biodiesels from microalgae is proved to be technically feasible, a commercially viable system has yet to emerge. High-cell-density fermentation of microalgae can be coupled with photoautotrophic cultivation to produce oils. In this study, by optimizing culturing conditions and employing a sophisticated substrate feed control strategy, ultrahigh-cell-density of 286 and 283.

Znhit1 controls intestinal stem cell maintenance by regulating H2A.Z incorporation.

Lgr5+ stem cells are crucial to gut epithelium homeostasis; however, how these cells are maintained is not fully understood. Zinc finger HIT-type containing 1 (Znhit1) is an evolutionarily conserved subunit of the SRCAP chromosome remodeling complex. Currently, the function of Znhit1 in vivo and its working mechanism in the SRCAP complex are unknown.

Effect of Ethanol Accumulation on Porcine Interferon-α Production by Pichia pastoris and Activities of Key Enzymes in Carbon Metabolism.

In production of porcine interferon α (pIFN-α) by Pichia pastoris, improper glycerol feeding strategy leads to ethanol accumulation in the last stage of growth phase. In the present study, taking two runs with low ethanol accumulation under 2 g/L as control group, effects of long-term (>4 h) and instantaneous high ethanol concentration (>10 g/L) on pIFN-α production, and activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism were discussed. As a result, compared with control group, pIFN-α expression level was decreased about 4~12 folds under long-term high ethanol concentration, from the level above 3 g/L to the level under 1 g/L; pIFN-α expression level was decreased about 8 folds under instantaneous high ethanol concentration, reaching to the low level of 0.

dBrms1 acts as a positive regulator of notch signaling in Drosophila wing.

The highly conserved Notch signaling is precisely regulated at different steps in a series of developmental events. However, little is known about the regulation of Notch receptor at transcriptional level. Here, we demonstrate that dBrms1 is involved in regulating Notch signaling in Drosophila wing.

Enhanced porcine circovirus Cap protein production by Pichia pastoris with a fuzzy logic DO control based methanol/sorbitol co-feeding induction strategy.

Porcine circovirus Cap protein production by P. pastoris with strong AOX promoter suffered with the problems with traditional pure methanol induction: (1) inefficient methanol metabolism; (2) extensive oxygen supply load; (3) difficulty in stable DO control; (4) low protein titer. In this study, based on the difference of DO change patterns in response to methanol and sorbitol additions, a novel fuzzy control system was proposed to automatically regulate the co-feeding rates of methanol and sorbitol for efficient Cap protein induction.