Denitrification enhanced by composite carbon sources in AAO-biofilter: Efficiency and metagenomics research.

Nitrogen removal from domestic sewage is usually limited by insufficient carbon source and electron donor. An economical solid carbon source was developed by composition of polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, and corncob, which was utilized as external carbon source in the anaerobic anoxic oxic (AAO)-biofilter for the treatment of low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio domestic sewage, and the nitrogen removal was remarkably improved from 63.2% to 96.

Insight into the microbial community of denitrification process using different solid carbon sources: Not only bacteria.

There is a lack of understanding about the bacterial, fungal and archaeal communities' composition of solid-phase denitrification (SPD) systems. We investigated four SPD systems with different carbon sources by analyzing microbial gene sequences based on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and amplicon sequence variant (ASV). The results showed that the corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate-polycaprolactone (CPSP, 0.

Seasonal distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters in surface sediment of Songhua River basin.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are typical industrial chemicals used in China. PAEs have received considerable attention because of their ubiquity and potential hazard to humans and the ecology. The spatiotemporal distributions of six PAEs in the surface sediments of the Songhua River in the spring (March), summer (July), and autumn (September) are investigated in this study.

Novel slow-release carbon source improves anodic denitrification and electricity generation efficiency in microbial fuel cells.

MFC anodic denitrification is more suitable for the coexistence of organic matter and nitrate in actual sewage, but the traditional carbon source has some problems such as high cost and difficulty of dosage control in MFC. Herein, corncob and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mechanically pulverized and mixed in the system of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate, and cross-linked to prepare slow-release carbon source fillers (CPSP), which were added to the MFC anolyte to realize the coupling of solid-phase denitrification and anodic denitrification. Results showed the start-up period of MFC experimental group (MFC-C) with CPSP was slightly longer than the control group (MFC-0), but MFC-C's maximum output voltage (648.

Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify ILF3 as a mediator of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing.

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an essential hub that integrates nutrient signals and coordinates metabolism to control cell growth. Amino acid signals are detected by sensor proteins and relayed to the GATOR2 and GATOR1 complexes to control mTORC1 activity. Here we perform genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens, coupled with an assay for mTORC1 activity based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of pS6, to identify potential regulators of mTORC1-dependent amino acid sensing.

Effects of antibiotics on corncob supported solid-phase denitrification: Denitrification and antibiotics removal performance, mechanism, and antibiotic resistance genes.

Solid-phase denitrification (SPD) has been used in wastewater treatment plant effluent to enhance nitrate removal, and antibiotics co-existing in the effluent is a common environmental problem. In this study, it was systematically investigated the effect of single trace sulfamethoxazole (SMX)/trimethoprim (TMP) and their mixture on microbial denitrification performance, the antibiotics removal, and antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs) in corncob supported SPD system. The average denitrification rate was improved by 46.

Lysine crotonylation regulates leucine-deprivation-induced autophagy by a 14-3-3ε-PPM1B axis.

Lysine crotonylation as a protein post-translational modification regulates diverse cellular processes and functions. However, the role of crotonylation in nutrient signaling pathways remains unclear. Here, we find a positive correlation between global crotonylation levels and leucine-deprivation-induced autophagy.

Distribution characteristics of nitrogen and the related microbial community in the surface sediments of the Songhua River.

Nitrogen in surface sediments is becoming an ecological risk to the river environment and it is essential to clarify the relationship between the different forms of nitrogen and related microorganisms. A survey was conducted to analyze the distribution characteristics of the nitrogen and related microbial community in the sediments of the Songhua River during normal season and dry season. In the surface sediments of the Songhua River, no total nitrogen (TN) pollution risk was observed according to the U.

Initial carbon release characteristics, mechanisms and denitrification performance of a novel slow release carbon source.

External carbon source addition is one of the effective methods for the treatment of wastewater with low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N). Compared with fast-release liquid carbon sources, slow-release solid carbon sources are more suitable for the denitrification process. A novel slow-release solid carbon source (corncob-polyvinyl alcohol sodium alginate- poly-caprolactone, i.

KAT7-mediated CANX (calnexin) crotonylation regulates leucine-stimulated MTORC1 activity.

Amino acids play crucial roles in the MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) pathway. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we establish a cell-free system to mimic the activation of MTORC1, by which we identify CANX (calnexin) as an essential regulator for leucine-stimulated MTORC1 pathway.

[Release Mechanisms of Carbon Source and Dissolved Organic Matter of Six Agricultural Wastes in the Initial Stage].

As carbon sources for the denitrification process, agricultural wastes have some problems, such as excess release of organic carbon; unclear release characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and colorimetric substances; and unclear components, release mechanisms, and potential effects of the released dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the start-up period. To resolve those problems, rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, corncob, soybean stalk, and soybean hull were selected as denitrification carbon sources to investigate the release mechanisms and potential influences of the organic matter, secondary pollutants, and DOM. The results showed that the six agricultural wastes could be used as the denitrification carbon source.

PFKP facilitates ATG4B phosphorylation during amino acid deprivation-induced autophagy.

ATG4B facilitates autophagy by promoting autophagosome maturation through the reversible lipidation and delipidation of LC3. Recent reports have shown that phosphorylation of ATG4B regulates its activity and LC3 processing, leading to modulate autophagy activity. However, the mechanism about how ATG4B phosphorylation is involved in amino acid deprivation-induced autophagy is unclear.

Release Mechanism, Secondary Pollutants and Denitrification Performance Comparison of Six Kinds of Agricultural Wastes as Solid Carbon Sources for Nitrate Removal.

Agricultural wastes used as denitrification carbon sources have some drawbacks such as excessive organic carbon release and unclear release characteristics of nitrogen, phosphorus, and chromatic substances, which can cause adverse effects on the effluent quality during the denitrification process. The composition and surface characteristics, carbon release mechanisms, and secondary pollutant release properties of six kinds of agricultural wastes, i.e.

[Nitrogen Removal in Low-C/N Rural Sewage Treatment by Anoxic/Oxic Biofilter Packed with New Types of Fillers].

When low-concentration rural sewage is treated biologically, the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration often does not meet the discharge limit because of its low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). To solve this problem, a laboratory-scale anoxic/oxic (A/O) biofilter packed with and activated carbon as the anoxic and aerobic column fillers (No. 2) was operated for treatment of simulated rural sewage and advanced nitrogen removal, while an ordinary gravel-packing A/O biofilter (No.

Distributions, compositions, and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters in surface sediment of Songhua river, China.

The distribution, composition, and ecological risk of 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 6 types of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in the surface sediment of Songhua river, northeast China, were investigated. The total weight of the PAHs (∑PAHs) varied from 226.70 to 7086.

Comparative Study of Denitrifying-MBBRs with Different Polyethylene Carriers for Advanced Nitrogen Removal of Real Reverse Osmosis Concentrate.

Nitrogen (N) remains a great challenge in wastewater treatment while attempts to remove N has continuously been a research point for decades. In this study, the long-term performance of four identical-shape denitrification MBBRs (moving bed biofilm reactors) with four different configurations of cylindrical polyethylene as carriers (Φ25 × 12, Φ25 × 4, Φ15 × 15, and Φ10 × 7 mm) for advanced N removal of real reverse osmosis concentrate was investigated in great detail. The N of the real concentrate can be effectively removed by denitrification MBBRs when the pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, and filling rate are 7.

-Sulfur-Based Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Denitrification Process for Nitrate-Rich Agricultural Runoff Treatment.

-sulfur-based heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification (HSHAD) process was developed in free water surface constructed wetland mesocosms for the treatment of nitrate-rich agricultural runoff with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (C/N) ratio, whose feasibility and mechanism were extensively studied and compared with those of heterotrophic denitrification (HHD) mesocosms through a 273-day operation. The results showed that the heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification can be combined successfully in HSHAD mesocosms, and achieve satisfactory nitrate removal performance. The average NO-N removal efficiency and denitrification rate of HSHAD were 94.

[Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Surface Sediments of the Songhua River].

This study assesses the spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface sediments of the mainstream and tributaries of the Songhua River, China, using concentrations and composition of six PAEs, which were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC-MS). We assess the ∑PAEs ecological risk using the hazard quotient (HQ) method and environmental risk levels (ERL). The results were as follows.

Influence of Carrier Filling Ratio on the Advanced Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent by Denitrifying MBBR.

The filling ratio (FR) of a carrier has an influence on the pollutant removal of the aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). However, the effect of the polyethylene (PE) carrier FR on the performance and microbial characteristics of the denitrifying MBBR for the treatment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent has not been extensively studied. A bench-scale denitrifying MBBR was set up and operated with PE carrier FRs of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% for the degradation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen from WWTP effluent at 12 h hydraulic retention time (HRT).

Denitrification and microbial community in MBBR using A. donax as carbon source and biofilm carriers for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment.

In this study, raw Arundo donax (A. donax) pieces were applied as carbon source and biofilm carriers for denitrification in a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for the treatment of reverse osmosis concentrate gathered from local wastewater reuse plant. At stable phase (about 60 days), efficient denitrification performance was obtained with 73.

Dietary leucine supplementation alters energy metabolism and induces slow-to-fast transitions in longissimus dorsi muscle of weanling piglets.

Leucine plays an important role in promoting muscle protein synthesis and muscle remodelling. However, what percentage of leucine is appropriate in creep feed and what proteome profile alterations are caused by dietary leucine in the skeletal muscle of piglets remain elusive. In this case, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to analyse the proteome profile of the longissimus dorsi muscles of weanling piglets fed a normal leucine diet (NL; 1·66 % leucine) and a high-leucine diet (HL; 2·1 % leucine).

Leucine reduces reactive oxygen species levels via an energy metabolism switch by activation of the mTOR-HIF-1α pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells.

Leucine serves not only as a substrate for protein synthesis, but also as a signal molecule involved in protein metabolism. However, whether the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have damaging effects on cellular DNA, proteins, and lipids, are regulated by leucine is still unclear. Here, we report that leucine supplementation reduces ROS levels in intestinal epithelial cells of weaned piglets.