An Update on the Role and Potential Molecules in Relation to in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus.

( is a gram-positive anaerobe commonly resides in the human gut microbiota. The advent of metagenomics has linked with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DM), which has become a growing area of investigation. The initial focus of research primarily centered on assessing the abundance of and its potential association with disease presentation, taking into account variations in sample size, sequencing and analysis methods.

Specific Alternation of Gut Microbiota and the Role of in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy.

In this study, we aim to investigate the precise alterations in the gut microbiota during the onset and advancement of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and examine the impact of () on DN. Eight-week-old male KK-Ay mice were administered antibiotic cocktails for a duration of two weeks, followed by oral administration of for an additional eight weeks. Our study revealed significant changes in the gut microbiota during both the initiation and progression of DN.

Jiangtang Decoction Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease Through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the impact of Jiangtang decoction (JTD) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its association with alterations in the gut microbiota.

Methods: Using a diabetic mouse model (KK-Ay mice), daily administration of JTD for eight weeks was undertaken. Weekly measurements of body weight and blood glucose were performed, while kidney function, uremic toxins, inflammation factors, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed upon sacrifice.

Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Modulate the Development of Human CD1c Conventional Dendritic Cell Subsets Mediated by CD103 and CD205.

Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leads to a high death rate in patients and is a major threat to human health. NSCLC induces an immune suppressive microenvironment and escapes from immune surveillance . At present, the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC immunopathogenesis and the immune suppressive microenvironment induced by NSCLC have not been fully elucidated.

Moxibustion with Chinese herbal has good effect on allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of rhino-ocular mucosa, affecting up to 40% of population worldwide. Chinese herbal medicines and Acupuncture, adopted thousands of years in China, has good effect on allergic rhinitis. This study evaluates the effects of Moxibustion with Chinese herbal in treating patients with allergic rhinitis over a 1-year follow-up.

Cloning and gene expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) homologue provide new insights into the immune response and nucleus graft of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata.

The signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) family play an important role in regulatory and cellular functions by regulating the expression of a variety of genes, including cytokines and growth factors. In the present study, a Pinctada fucata STAT protein, termed PfSTAT, was described. The deduced amino acid sequence of PfSTAT contains the conserved STAT_bind domain and the SH2 domain, and the additional Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, but does not have STAT_alpha and STAT_int domains.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata: molecular cloning and functional characterization.

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) plays an important role in nonimmune cells and also in T cells and many other cells of the immune system, by regulating the expression of a variety of genes involved in the immune response, organ development, developmental apoptosis and angiogenesis. In the present study, the NFAT homology gene, PfNFAT, from the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata was cloned and its genomic structure and promoter were analyzed. PfNFAT encodes a putative protein of 1226 amino acids, and contains a highly conserved Rel homology region (RHR) with DNA-binding specificity, and a regulatory domain (NFAT homology region, NHR) containing a potent transactivation domain (TAD).

Curative effect of Dingqi analgesic patch on cancer pain: a single-blind randomized controlled trail.

Objective: To observe the curative effect of an acupoint application with a Dingqi analgesic patch on moderate to severe pain caused by liver cancer.

Methods: Forty patients with moderate to severe pain caused by liver cancer were randomly divided into a treatment group (TG) and a control group (CG). Patients with moderate pain were given 100 mg qd of a sustainably released tablet of tramadol hydrochloride; patients with severe pain were given 4.

Trypanosoma congolense Infections: Induced Nitric Oxide Inhibits Parasite Growth In Vivo.

Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice infected intraperitoneally with 5 × 10(6) Trypanosoma congolense survive for more than 30 days. C57BL/6 mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS(-/-)) and infected with 10(3) or 5 × 10(6) parasites do not control the parasitemia and survive for only 14 ± 7 or 6.8 ± 0.

Intradermal infections of mice by low numbers of african trypanosomes are controlled by innate resistance but enhance susceptibility to reinfection.

Antibodies are required to control blood-stage forms of African trypanosomes in humans and animals. Here, we report that intradermal infections by low numbers of African trypanosomes are controlled by innate resistance but prime the adaptive immune response to increase susceptibility to a subsequent challenge. Mice were found 100 times more resistant to intradermal infections by Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei than to intraperitoneal infections.

Serum biochemistry, serology, and parasitology of boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Northwest Territories, Canada.

Boreal caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are an ecologically and culturally important wildlife species and now range almost exclusively in the boreal forests of Canada, including the Northwest Territories, northern Alberta, and British Columbia. Boreal caribou are threatened throughout their Canadian range because of direct and indirect natural and anthropogenic factors. In the Northwest Territories, however, they have a continuous range that overall has not yet been subjected to the same degree of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation and degradation that has occurred elsewhere in Canada.

Immunization of newborn and adult mice with low numbers of BCG leads to Th1 responses, Th1 imprints and enhanced protection upon BCG challenge.

Neonatal bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is widely employed to protect against tuberculosis. Predominant Th1 but not mixed Th1/Th2 responses are thought to be protective. If so, effective vaccination must cause Th1 imprints.

Characterization of major surface protease homologues of Trypanosoma congolense.

Trypanosomes encode a family of proteins known as Major Surface Metalloproteases (MSPs). We have identified six putative MSPs encoded within the partially sequenced T. congolense genome.

T cells and immunopathogenesis of experimental African trypanosomiasis.

African trypanosomes are pathogens for humans and livestock. They are single-cell, extra-cellular parasites that cause persistent infections of the blood and induce profound immunosuppression. Here, we review recent work on experimental African trypanosomiasis, especially infections with Trypanosoma congolense, in mice with regard to mechanisms of immunosuppression and immunopathology.

[The summary of the clinic study of Zhi-Xin-Fang treating the heart failure resulting from cardiomyopathy].

Objective: To observe the therapeutic and prognostic effects and to evaluate the safety of Zhi-Xin-Fang on heart failure resulting from cardiomyopathy.

Methods: 62 patients with cardiomyopathy combined with heart failure were treated with standard western medical therapy as treatment group. The other 60 patients with the same diseases were administered with both Zhi-Xin-Fang and standard western medicines as control.

Regulatory T cells prevent control of experimental African trypanosomiasis.

African trypanosomes are single-cell, extra-cellular blood parasites causing profound immunosuppression. Susceptible BALB/c mice infected s.c.

CR3 (CD11b/CD18) is the major macrophage receptor for IgM antibody-mediated phagocytosis of African trypanosomes: diverse effect on subsequent synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha and nitric oxide.

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to the variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) of African trypanosomes are the first and predominant class of anti-trypanosomal antibodies in the infected host. They are a major factor in controlling waves of parasitemia, but not in long-term survival. The macrophage receptor(s) that enables phagocytosis of IgM anti-VSG-coated African trypanosomes is unknown.

Experimental African trypanosomiasis: a subset of pathogenic, IFN-gamma-producing, MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells mediates early mortality in highly susceptible mice.

Infections of highly susceptible BALB/c mice with virulent strains of Trypanosoma congolense or Trypanosoma brucei result in rapid death (8 days). We have previously shown that this mortality is IFN-gamma dependent. In this study we show that IFN-gamma is produced predominantly by CD3+Thy1.

Impaired Kupffer cells in highly susceptible mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense.

In highly susceptible BALB/c mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense, the total number of Kupffer cells in the liver remains constant; however, their mean size increases fivefold towards the terminal stage. About 25% of Kupffer cells undergo apoptosis. We suggest that development of an impairment of the macrophage system might be a major mechanism for inefficient elimination of trypanosomes.

Trypanosoma congolense infections: antibody-mediated phagocytosis by Kupffer cells.

Immunohistochemical double-label technique was used to detect trypanosomal antigen in macrophages. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M as well as IgG2a monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) mediated phagocytosis of Trypanosoma congolense variant antigenic type (VAT) TC13 by macrophages [bone marrow-derived macrophage cell line from BALB/c (BALB.BM)] in vitro.