An integrated physiological indicator and transcriptomic analysis reveals the response of soybean buds to high-temperature stress.

Background: Under global warming, high temperature (HT) has become a major meteorological factor affecting soybean production. To explore the candidate genes and regulatory mechanism of the soybean bud response to HT stress, previously identified as HT-tolerant ('Handou14'; HD14) and HT-sensitive ('Jiadou36'; JD36) were treated for 5 days in an artificial climate incubator either with HT (43 °C (day)/ 33 °C (night), 16 h light/8 h darkness) or the non-stress growth condition (25 °C, 16 h light/8 h darkness) as the control at the bud stage were used as experimental materials in this study. After HT treatment, changes in physiological indicators including hypocotyl length, enzyme activity and hormone content were detected; at the same time, the cotyledons, hypocotyls, and main roots were collected for transcriptome sequencing analysis.

An adult female patient with single atrium and single ventricle undergoing appendectomy: A case report.

Appendicitis is one of the common diseases, and appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures. Single atrium and single ventricle are rare heart diseases, and very few patients survive to adulthood. We report a patient with single atrial and single ventricles undergoing appendectomy with transverse abdominis plane block and dexmedetomidine sedation anesthesia with smooth postoperative appendectomy.

Age-Related Pathology Associated with H1N1 A/California/07/2009 Influenza Virus Infection.

Influenza virus infection causes a spectrum of diseases, ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe lower respiratory tract infection, that can lead to diffuse alveolar damage, interstitial and airspace inflammation, or acute respiratory failure. Mechanisms instructing disease severity are not completely understood, but host, viral, and bacterial factors influence disease outcome. With age being one host factor associated with a higher risk of severe influenza, we investigated regional pulmonary distribution and severity of pneumonia after 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection in newly weaned, adult, and aged ferrets to better understand age-dependent susceptibility and pathology.

Aged Chinese-origin rhesus macaques infected with SIV develop marked viremia in absence of clinical disease, inflammation or cognitive impairment.

Background: Damage to the central nervous system during HIV infection can lead to variable neurobehavioral dysfunction termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). There is no clear consensus regarding the neuropathological or cellular basis of HAND. We sought to study the potential contribution of aging to the pathogenesis of HAND.

CD8-Positive T-Cell Leukoencephalitis With Astrocytopathy Clinically Presenting as Neuromyelitis Optica.

We describe a novel disease entity with the clinical and radiologic presentation of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and widespread CD8-positive T-cell leukoencephalitis and astrocytopathy. The 59-year-old female patient had a complex 2-year neurological history that included early changes in cognition and memory, progressive lower extremity motor dysfunction, and multimodal sensory involvement. MRI of the spinal cord showed increased T2 signal in the central cord extending from C2 through T4.

Ultrastructure of Diaschisis Lesions after Traumatic Brain Injury.

We used controlled cortical impact in mice to model human traumatic brain injury (TBI). Local injury was accompanied by distal diaschisis lesions that developed within brain regions anatomically connected to the injured cortex. At 7 days after injury, histochemistry documented broadly distributed lesions, particularly in the contralateral cortex and ipsilateral thalamus and striatum.

Human Parechovirus 3 Meningitis and Fatal Leukoencephalopathy.

Human parechovirus 3 (HPeV3) is a picornavirus associated with neurologic disease in neonates. Human parechovirus 3 infection of preterm and term infants is associated with seizures and destructive periventricular white matter lesions. Despite unremarkable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), HPeV3 RNA can be amplified from CSF and nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs.

Role for mammalian chitinase 3-like protein 1 in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates and CNS tissue response. The astrocytosis associated with TBI has been proposed to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on surviving neural tissue. We recently observed prominent astrocytic expression of YKL-40/chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) associated with severity of brain injury.

Coxsackievirus B4 myocarditis and meningoencephalitis in newborn twins.

Coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) is a picornavirus associated with a variety of human diseases, including neonatal meningoencephalitis, myocarditis and type 1 diabetes. We report the pathological findings in twin newborns who died during an acute infection. The twins were born 1 month premature but were well and neurologically intact at birth.

H1N1, but not H3N2, influenza A virus infection protects ferrets from H5N1 encephalitis.

Unlabelled: Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality because of efficient human-to-human spread. Rarely, zoonotic strains of influenza virus spread to humans, where they have the potential to mediate new pandemics with high mortality. We studied systemic viral spread after intranasal infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1 [A/Viet Nam/1203/2004]) in ferrets with or without prior pandemic H1N1pdm09 (A/Mexico/4108/2009) or H3N2 (A/Victoria/361/2011) infection.

Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of breast regression protein 39/chitinase 3-like 1.

We previously reported that YKL-40, the human analog of mouse breast regression protein 39 ([BRP-39] chitinase 3like 1), is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury. Expression of YKL-40 in the CNS was predominantly associated with reactive astrocytes in the vicinity of inflammatory lesions. Because previous studies have shown that reactive astrocytes play a critical role in limiting immune infiltration in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we explored the role of BRP-39 in regulatingneuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Astrocyte and macrophage regulation of YKL-40 expression and cellular response in neuroinflammation.

Numerous inflammatory conditions are associated with elevated YKL-40 expression by infiltrating macrophages. Thus, we were surprised to observe minimal macrophage and abundant astrocyte expression of YKL-40 in neuroinflammatory conditions. The aims of the current study were to better delineate this discrepancy, characterize the factors that regulate YKL-40 expression in macrophages and astrocytes and study whether YKL-40 expression correlates with cell morphology and/or activation state.

Acute murine H5N1 influenza A encephalitis.

Avian influenza A virus H5N1 has the proven capacity to infect humans through cross-species transmission, but to date, efficient human-to-human transmission is limited. In natural avian hosts, animal models and sporadic human outbreaks, H5N1 infection has been associated with neurological disease. We infected BALB/c mice intranasally with H5N1 influenza A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 to study the immune response during acute encephalitis.

In vivo CHI3L1 (YKL-40) expression in astrocytes in acute and chronic neurological diseases.

Background: CHI3L1 (YKL-40) is up-regulated in a variety of inflammatory conditions and cancers. We have previously reported elevated CHI3L1 concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human and non-human primates with lentiviral encephalitis and using immunohistochemistry showed that CHI3L1 was associated with astrocytes.

Methods: In the current study CHI3L1 transcription and expression were evaluated in a variety of acute and chronic human neurological diseases.

YKL-40 expression in traumatic brain injury: an initial analysis.

YKL-40 (chitinase 3-like protein 1) is expressed in a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions and cancers. We have previously reported that YKL-40 levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of macaques and humans with lentiviral encephalitis, as well as multiple sclerosis (MS). The current study assessed temporal CSF YKL-40 levels in subjects with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI; Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score View Article and Find Full Text PDF

YKL-40 is directly produced by tumor cells and is inversely linked to EGFR in glioblastomas.

YKL-40 is a secreted chitinase-like molecule whose expression is associated with glioma grade. Expression is higher in astrocytomas than oligodendrogliomas and has been reported to predict shorter survival and radiation resistance in glioblastomas (GBMs). Whether YKL-40 is directly produced by glioma cells or other admixed nonneo-plastic cells, and whether it correlates with 1p/19q status or other hallmark molecular abnormalities, are unclear.

[Observation on therapeutic effect of bee needle therapy on chronic lumbar muscle strain].

Objective: To explore a new method for treatment of chronic lumbar muscle strain.

Methods: One hundred and fifty cases were randomly divided into 2 groups, an observation group of 78 cases and a control group of 72 cases. The observation group was treated with bee-needle therapy, with Jiaji (EX-B 2) on the loin and Shenshu (BL 23), Zhishi (BL 47), Ciliao (BL 32), Weizhong (BL 40), Ashi points selected as main; and the control group was treated with routine acupuncture at the same points as those in the observation group, in combination with fire-cupping or warm needle moxibustion.

The positron emission tomography ligand DAA1106 binds with high affinity to activated microglia in human neurological disorders.

Chronic microglial activation is an important component of many neurological disorders, and imaging activated microglia in vivo will enable the detection and improved treatment of neuroinflammation. 1-(2-chlorphenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carbox-amide (PK11195), a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand, has been used to image neuroinflammation, but the extent to which PK11195 binding distinguishes activated microglia and reactive astrocytes is unclear. Moreover, PK11195 may lack sufficient sensitivity for detecting mild neuroinflammation.

Iron localization in superficial siderosis of the central nervous system.

Originally conceived as an uncommon disorder, with the advent of MRI, CNS superficial siderosis has been observed more frequently. We present histologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent and ultrastructural evaluation of a 56-year-old woman with superficial siderosis. Iron was concentrated in macrophages, superficial astrocytes and gray matter oligodendroglia deep within the cord.

Longitudinal in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of infected and activated brain macrophages in a macaque model of human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis correlates with central and peripheral markers of encephalitis and areas of synaptic degeneration.

Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis is characterized by infiltration of the brain with infected and activated macrophages; however, it is not known why disease occurs after variable lengths of infection in 25% of immunosuppressed acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. We determined in vivo correlates (in peripheral blood and the central nervous system) for the development and progression of lentiviral encephalitis by longitudinally following infected and activated macrophages in the brain using positron emission tomography (PET). Using human postmortem brain tissues from both lentivirus-infected encephalitic patients and cell culture systems, we showed that the PET ligand [(3)H](R)-PK11195 bound specifically to virus-infected and activated macrophages.

Systemic and brain macrophage infections in relation to the development of simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.

The brains of individuals with lentiviral-associated encephalitis contain an abundance of infected and activated macrophages. It has been hypothesized that encephalitis develops when increased numbers of infected monocytes traffic into the central nervous system (CNS) during the end stages of immunosuppression. The relationships between the infection of brain and systemic macrophages and circulating monocytes and the development of lentiviral encephalitis are unknown.

PK11195 labels activated microglia in Alzheimer's disease and in vivo in a mouse model using PET.

Activated microglia may promote neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may also help in amyloid clearance in immunization therapies. In vivo imaging of activated microglia using positron emission tomography (PET) could assist in defining the role of activated microglia during AD progression and therapeutics. We hypothesized that PK11195, a ligand that binds activated microglia, could label these cells in postmortem AD tissues and in vivo in an animal model of AD using PET.

[Study of toxicity effect of different rate of Sargassum and Radix Glycyrrhizae on rats].

Objective: Study the toxicity effect of different rate of Sargassum and Radix Glycyrrhizae on rats.

Method: 32 Wistar rats [body weight (123 +/- 15.3) g] were random divided into 4 groups of 8: normal group (A) and compatibility medicine group (B, C, D).