A comparative study of characteristics in diploid and tetraploid .

Artificial induction of polyploidy is an efficient technique for improving biological properties and developing new varieties of many plants. In this study, we analyzed and compared differences in characteristics (morphological and biological) of diploid and tetraploid plants. We found significant differences between tetraploid plants and their diploid counterparts.

Bursicon homodimers induce the innate immunity via Relish in Procambarus clarkii.

Bursicon (burs) is a neuropeptide hormone consisting of two cystine-knot proteins (burs α and burs β), and burs α-β is responsible for cuticle tanning in insects. Further studies show that burs homodimers induce prophylactic immunity. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that burs homodimers act in regulating immunity in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii.

Involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in the upregulation of P-glycoprotein in refractory epilepsy.

To explore the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in the upregulation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in refractory epilepsy. Brain tissue specimens were collected and analyzed for expression of HIF-1α and P-gp using an immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method in both refractory epilepsy group and control group. Correlation between HIF-1α and P-gp expression level in refractory epilepsy group was analyzed.

Trajectories of Self-Rated Health of Chinese Elders: A Piecewise Growth Model Analysis.

This study used piecewise growth modeling to describe the developmental trajectories of self-rated health (SRH) in the elderly and longitudinal associations with activities of daily living (ADL), educational level, economic status, age, and gender. Data were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), collected over 12 years (from 2002 to 2014) at five waves. A total of 16,064 Chinese elders (57.

MiR-29b Inhibits Ventricular Remodeling By Activating Notch Signaling Pathway in the Rat Myocardial Infarction Model.

Background: To study the effect of miR-29b on myocardial infarction via Notch signaling pathway in rats.

Methods: The rat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) models were established and were divided into AMI group, sham group and normal group (N = 10 in each group). HE (Hemotoxylin and eosin) staining was used to detect whether the model was constructed successfully.

Health care and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among diabetic women: an updated meta-analysis.

Purpose: Diabetic women appear to have adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although there were two meta-analyzes that examined the association between health care and adverse pregnancy outcomes, their results were limited because they only included congenital anomaly and perinatal mortality, and they did not clarify the detailed situations of diabetes and health care. This meta-analysis aims to completely evaluate the effects of health care in improving adverse pregnancy outcomes among diabetic mothers.

Congenital malformations are associated with secondhand smoke among nonsmoking women: A meta-analysis.

Background: The association between active maternal smoking and congenital malformations is well established, but little is known about the association between secondhand smoke and congenital malformations. Moreover, studies regarding the association between congenital malformations and secondhand smoke have not yielded consistent results.

Methods: In July 2018, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and China Biology Medicine databases for observational studies characterizing the relationship between secondhand smoke and congenital malformations of offspring in nonsmoking women.

Dispersive liquid-phase microextraction in combination with HPLC for the enrichment and rapid determination of benzoylurea pesticides in environmental water samples.

Benzoylurea (BU) insecticides have contributed greatly to the output of crops. Their residue in the environment put serious threats on human health and environmental safety. In this study, we have established a new, rapid, and reliable method for the monitoring of typical BU insecticides such as diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, triflumuron, and chlorfluazuron with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to HPLC.

Solid phase extraction with silicon dioxide microsphere adsorbents in combination with gas chromatography-electron capture detection for the determination of DDT and its metabolites in water samples.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of silicon dioxide (SiO(2)) microspheres without special modification to enrich dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-2,2-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDD) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) in combination with gas chromatography-electron-capture detection. The experimental results indicated that an excellent linear relationship between the recoveries and the concentrations of DDT and its main metabolites was obtained in the range of 0.2-30 ng mL(-1) and the correlation coefficients were in the range of 99.

Preconcentration and determination of aromatic amines with temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction in combination with high performance liquid chromatography.

This paper reports a new method for the determination of aromatic amines with temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction in combination with HPLC and results of investigation of the influence of anions in ionic liquids on the extraction performance. In these experiments, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM][PF6]), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([C8MIM][NTf2]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C8MIM][BF4]) were used as the extraction solvents for the investigation of the effect of anions in ionic liquids. Other parameters affecting the microextraction performance were also investigated.

Temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction combined with HPLC with ultraviolet detector for the determination of fungicides.

Present study described a simple, environmental benign, easy to operate, and determination method for fungicides including thiram, metalaxyl, diethofencarb, myclobutanil, and tebuconazole. The method is based on temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction coupled to HPLC with ultraviolet detector. In the enrichment procedure, ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C(8)MIM][PF(6)] was used as the extraction solvent.

Degradation of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea by nanoscale zerovalent iron under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

The goal of present study was to investigate the applicability of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) on the degradation of 1-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) urea (CCU) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The experimental results showed that NZVI could effectively degrade CCU, but the removal efficiencies were different under these two different conditions. The best removal efficiencies for CCU were 90.

Development of sensitive determination method for fungicides from environmental water samples with Titanate nanotube array micro-solid phase extraction prior to high performance liquid chromatography.

Fungicides have been widely used throughout the world, and the resulted pollution has absorbed great attention in recent years. Present study described an effective measurement technique for fungicides including thiram, metalaxyl, diethofencarb, myclobutanil and tebuconazole in environmental water samples. A micro-solid phase extraction (μSPE) was developed utilizing ordered TiO(2) nanotube array for determination of target fungicides prior to a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Investigation of the applicability of highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube array for enrichment and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls at trace level in environmental water samples.

Present study investigated the applicability of ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays for the enrichment and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water samples. A new and reliable method was developed for the preconcentration and determination of PCBs by micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction in combination with gas chromatography and electron capture detection (GC-ECD), which exploited the special physical and chemical properties of ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays. The experimental results indicated that low LODs were easily achieved in the range of 0.

Development of micro-solid phase extraction with titanate nanotube array modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide for sensitive determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples.

This paper described a simple and novel analytical technique for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples. A micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) was developed utilizing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide modified ordered TiO(2) nanotube array. The experimental results indicated that modified TiO(2) nanotube arrays demonstrated an excellent merit on the preconcentration of PAHs, and there were excellent linear relationships between peak area and the concentration of PAHs in the range of 0.

Determination of bisphenol A, 4-n-nonylphenol, and 4-tert-octylphenol by temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector.

Present study described a simple, sensitive, and viable method for the determination of bisphenol A, 4-n-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol in water samples using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction coupled to high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. In this experiment, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C(8)MIM][PF(6)]) was used as the extraction solvent, and bisphenol A, 4-n-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol were selected as the model analytes. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the volume of [C(8)MIM][PF(6)], dissolving temperature, extraction time, sample pH, centrifuging time and salting-out effect have been investigated in detail.

Determination of lead in environmental waters with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

This paper established a new, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of lead in water samples preconcentrated by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Dithizone was used as the chelating agent. In the DLLME procedure, lead formed lead-dithizone complex and migrated into the carbon tetrachloride micro-droplets.

Sensitive determination of phenols from samples by temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction.

This paper established a new determination method for phenols using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. In this experiment, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM][PF6]) was employed as the extraction solvent for the enrichment of 2-chlorophenol, 2-naphthol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency including the volume of [C8MIM][PF6], dissoluble temperature, extraction time, sample pH, amount of ethanol, centrifugation time and salting-out effect have been investigated in detail.

Micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction with highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays: a new approach for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides at trace level in environmental water samples.

Ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays have been widely used in many fields such as photocatalysis, self-cleaning, solar cells, gas sensing, and catalysis. This present study exploited a new functional application of the ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays. A micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction using ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays was developed for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides prior to gas chromatography-electron capture detection.

Preconcentration and determination of pyrethroid insecticides in with ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction in combination with high performance liquid chromatography.

This paper developed a new method with temperature controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides such as fenpropathrin, fenvalerate and bifenthrin in water samples. The effect of alkyl chain length of ionic liquid 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and other parameters such as sample pH, temperature, salting-out effect and sample volume on the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. Four different alkyl chain length ionic liquids ([CnMIM][PF6], n = 4, 6, 7, 8) were tested.

Preconcentration sensitive determination of pyrethroid insecticides in environmental water samples with solid phase extraction with SiO2 microspheres cartridge prior to high performance liquid chromatography.

Present study developed a new method for the sensitive determination of pyrethroid insecticides with solid phase extraction in combination with high performance liquid chromatography and UV detector. SiO(2) microspheres, a new SiO(2) based material, was investigated for the enrichment ability and applicability as the solid phase extraction sorbent. Four pyrethroid pesticides such as fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalevate and biphenthrin were used as the target analytes.

Determination of trace organophosphorus pesticides in water samples with TiO2 nanotubes cartridge prior to GC-flame photometric detection.

This article described a new method for the sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using SPE in combination with GC-flame photometric detection. In the procedure of method development, TiO(2) nanotubes were used as SPE adsorbents for the enrichment of organophosphorus pesticides from water samples. Several factors, such as eluent and its volume, sample pH, sample volume, sample flow rate, and concentration of humic acid, were optimized.

Uses of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate as a good separation electrolyte for direct electrophoretic separation of quaternary ammonium herbicides.

This paper describes a new method for the direct separation of paraquat and diquat by CZE with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate employed as reliable electrolyte. Several factors that affect the separation efficiency were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the optimal running buffer consisted of 50 mM 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 10% ethanol (pH 5.

Temperature-controlled ionic liquid-liquid-phase microextraction for the pre-concentration of lead from environmental samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Hydrophobic ionic liquid could be dispersed into infinite droplets under driving of high temperature, and then they can aggregate as big droplets at low temperature. Based on this phenomenon a new liquid-phase microextraction for the pre-concentration of lead was developed. In this experiment, lead was transferred into its complex using dithizone as chelating agent, and then entered into the infinite ionic liquid drops at high temperature.

H(2)O(2)-assisted photolysis of reactive dye BES golden yellow simulated wastewater.

Reactive dye BES golden yellow simulated wastewater was treated with H(2)O(2)-assisted photolysis method. Influences of factors such as reaction time, initial pH and H(2)O(2) dosage were investigated, and the reaction kinetics of the process were explored. Results showed that, the degradation of 200 mg/L BES golden yellow solution happened only in the presence of both conditions: UV irradiation and H(2)O(2) addition.