Nutritional support after hospital discharge reduces long-term mortality in patients after gastric cancer surgery: Secondary analysis of a prospective randomized trial.

Background And Aims: Nutritional support after hospital discharge was found to enhance the nutritional condition of patients after cancer surgery. However, the effect of such support on long-term clinical outcomes is controversial. We thus investigated the effect of nutritional support after hospital discharge on long-term clinical outcomes in patients after gastric cancer surgery.

Decoding PTEN: from biological functions to signaling pathways in tumors.

The tumor suppressor gene Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), possessing both protein and lipid phosphatase activities, is frequently mutated in various human cancers. PTEN aberrations disrupt critical cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, thereby promoting tumor growth. In the cells, PTEN localizes to the nucleus, cytoplasm, or cell membrane, and its roles depends on the subcellular localization.

Prognostic value of body composition in patients with digestive tract cancers: A prospective cohort study of 8,267 adults from China.

Background & Aims: The characterization and prognostic value of body composition parameter/phenotype based on computed tomography (CT) in patients with digestive tract cancers remain incomplete. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parameter/phenotype and clinical outcomes in patients with digestive tract cancers.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 8267 patients with digestive tract cancers were assessed using CT scans to determine body composition.

Low expression of ELOVL6 may be involved in fat loss in white adipose tissue of cancer-associated cachexia.

Background: Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) arises from malignant tumors and leads to a debilitating wasting syndrome. In the pathophysiology of CAC, the depletion of fat plays an important role. The mechanisms of CAC-induced fat loss include the enhancement of lipolysis, inhibition of lipogenesis, and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT).

FoxO3 Regulates Mouse Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate and Bone-Fat Balance During Skeletal Aging.

Age-related osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Forkhead box O 3 (FoxO3) transcription factor is involved in lifespan and cell differentiation. In this study, we explore whether FoxO3 regulates age-related bone loss and marrow fat accumulation.

Total intracorporeal laparoscopic ileal ureter replacement in a single position for ureteral stricture based on membrane anatomy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present our initial experience and prove the feasibility of total intracorporeal laparoscopic ileal ureter replacement (TILIUR) in a single position for ureteral stricture based on membrane anatomy.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2021 and April 2023, six patients underwent TILIUR in a single position for ureteral strictures based on membrane anatomy. All patients with a past medical history underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection as well as extensive ureteral stricture due to radiotherapy.

Phosphatidylethanolamine (18:2e/18:2) may inhibit adipose tissue wasting in patients with cancer cachexia by increasing lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6.

Background: Cancer associated cachexia is characterized by the significant loss of adipose tissue, leading to devastating weight loss and muscle wasting in the majority of cancer patients. The effects and underlying mechanisms of degradation metabolites on adipocytes in cachectic patients remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive study combining lipidomic analysis of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue with transcriptomics data from the database to investigate the mechanisms of lipid regulation in adipocytes.

Immune landscape and prognostic gene signatures in gastric cancer: implications for cachexia and clinical outcomes.

Cachexia, a debilitating condition that worsens patient outcomes, often accompanies gastric cancer, a malignancy that is prevalent worldwide. The extensive research explored the interconnected molecular and immune aspects of stomach cancer, with a particular emphasis on cachexia. By employing the GEO database, we identified genes that were expressed differently in gastric cancer patients suffering from cachexia.

Sarcopenia and myosteatosis diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal cancer: creatinine to cystatin C ratio as evaluation marker.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a simplified diagnostic tool for assessing sarcopenia and myosteatosis in gastrointestinal cancer patients, focusing on the creatinine to cystatin C ratio (CCR) as an evaluation marker.

Methods: 955 patients were split into training (n = 671) and validation (n = 284) cohorts. Using logistic regression, risk factors for sarcopenia and myosteatosis were identified.

The metabolite butyrate produced by gut microbiota inhibits cachexia-associated skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating intestinal barrier function and macrophage polarization.

Objective: Cachexia, marked by muscle atrophy, poses substantial challenges for prevention and treatment. This study delves into the unclear role of butyrate, a gut microbiota metabolite, in cachexia by examining gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in human and mouse fecal samples.

Methods: We analyzed cachexia-associated gut microbiota and SCFA profiles using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomic techniques.

Association between cardiovascular risk factors and atrial fibrillation.

Background: The most prevalent sustained arrhythmia in medical practice, atrial fibrillation (AF) is closely associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, the risk of AF associated with cardiovascular risk factors has not been well elucidated. We pooled all published studies to provide a better depiction of the relationship among cardiovascular risk factors with AF.

Unraveling the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids characteristics and associations in a cancer cachexia mouse model.

Objective: Cachexia is a common pathological condition in cancer patients, affecting prognosis and treatment outcomes. The relationship between cachexia and gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) remains understudied. This research aimed to establish a cachexia mouse model and explore the gut microbiota-SCFAs connection.

Mitophagy-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.

Cancer cachexia is commonly seen in patients with malignant tumors, which usually leads to poor life quality and negatively affects long-term prognosis and survival. Mitochondria dysfunction and enhanced autophagy are well-established to play an important role in skeletal muscle wasting. However, whether mitophagy is engaged in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia requires further investigation.

Development and application of the Cancer Cachexia Staging Index for the diagnosis and staging of cancer cachexia.

Objective: The current tools for evaluating cancer cachexia are either too simple to reflect the far-reaching effects of cachexia or too complicated to be used in daily practice. This study aimed to develop a cancer cachexia staging index (CCSI) that is both practical and comprehensive.

Methods: Patients with gastrointestinal cancers were prospectively included in the study.

Evaluation and management of body composition changes in cancer patients.

Wasting in cancer patients has long been recognized as a condition that adversely affects cancer patients' quality of life, treatment tolerance, and oncological outcomes. Historically, this condition was mainly evaluated by changes in body weight. However, this approach is not quite accurate because body weight is the overall change of all body compartments.

Tumor-derived semaphorin 3D promoting cancer cachexia via regulating hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons.

Cachexia is very common in cancer patients and predicts a poor prognosis; however, the molecular basis for progress in these individuals remains unclear, especially the effect of tumors on the hypothalamus energy regulation center. To investigate the regulatory pathway of tumors associated with hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons known as appetite-inhibiting neurons, we conducted observations both on patients and mice models. Results showed that the highly expressed exocrine semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D) both in cachexia patients and mice was positively related to the expression of POMC and its proteolytic peptide.

Case Report: Step-by-step procedures for total intracorporeal laparoscopic kidney autotransplantation in a patient with distal high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department with right abdominal pain and a new onset of painless haematuria two weeks earlier. Urine cytology test results suggested urothelial carcinoma. Computed tomography urography (CTU) showed a filling defect in the lower right ureter with right hydronephrosis.

Abdominal fat and muscle distributions in different stages of colorectal cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study is to explore the difference of abdominal fat and muscle composition, especially subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, in different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Materials And Methods: Patients were divided into 4 groups: healthy controls (patients without colorectal polyp), polyp group (patients with colorectal polyp), cancer group (CRC patients without cachexia), and cachexia group (CRC patients with cachexia). Skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) were assessed at the third lumbar level on computed tomography images obtained within 30 days before colonoscopy or surgery.

Development and validation of a cancer cachexia risk score for digestive tract cancer patients before abdominal surgery.

Background: Cancer cachexia is prevalent in digestive tract cancer patients and has significant impacts on prognosis; it is vital to identify individuals who are at risk of cancer cachexia to allow for appropriate evaluation and treatment. This study evaluated whether digestive tract cancer patients with a risk of cancer cachexia and who had a risk of adverse survival could be identified before abdominal surgery.

Methods: This large-scale cohort study involved patients who underwent abdominal surgery between January 2015 and December 2020 to treat digestive tract cancer.

Loss of body weight and skeletal muscle negatively affect postoperative outcomes after major abdominal surgery in geriatric patients with cancer.

Objectives: Malnutrition characterized by the involuntary loss of body weight and skeletal muscle can be the result of both aging and malignancy. As a result, geriatric patients could face an increased nutritional risk. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and functional status of geriatric patients and their association with postoperative complications.

DUSP1 promotes muscle atrophy by inhibiting myocyte differentiation in cachectic patients.

Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy is the major hallmark of cancer cachexia. The mechanisms underlying muscle wasting remain elusive in cachectic patients. Our research seeks to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between non-cachectic and cachectic cancer patients and elucidate their functions.

Single-cell sequencing unveils key contributions of immune cell populations in cancer-associated adipose wasting.

Adipose tissue loss seen with cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) may functionally drive cachexia development. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we unveil a large-scale comprehensive cellular census of the stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissues from patients with or without CAC. We report depot- and disease-specific clusters and developmental trajectories of adipose progenitors and immune cells.

Analysis of different adipose depot gene expression in cachectic patients with gastric cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that contributed to the different amount of fat loss between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) among cachectic patients.

Methods: RNA sequencing was performed and bioinformatic tools were utilized to analyze the biological functions and construct regulation networks of DEGs. We presumed that iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1) to be a hub gene and analyzed its clinical significance.

AKG induces cell apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) or 2-oxoglutarate is a key substance in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and has been known to play an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, and it has a high mortality rate. Autophagy is a phenomenon of self-digestion, and its significance in tumor genesis and progression remains debatable.