Sustaining yield and nutritional quality of peanuts in harsh environments: Physiological and molecular basis of drought and heat stress tolerance.

Climate change is significantly impacting agricultural production worldwide. Peanuts provide food and nutritional security to millions of people across the globe because of its high nutritive values. Drought and heat stress alone or in combination cause substantial yield losses to peanut production.

Base Editing in Peanut Using CRISPR/nCas9.

Peanut ( L.), an allotetraploid legume of the Fabaceae family, is able to thrive in tropical and subtropical regions and is considered as a promising oil seed crop worldwide. Increasing the content of oleic acid has become one of the major goals in peanut breeding because of health benefits such as reduced blood cholesterol level, antioxidant properties and industrial benefits such as longer shelf life.

CRISPR/Cas9 Based Site-Specific Modification of FAD2 -Regulatory Motifs in Peanut ().

Peanut ( L.) seed is a rich source of edible oil, comprised primarily of monounsaturated oleic acid and polyunsaturated linoleic acid, accounting for 80% of its fatty acid repertoire. The conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid, catalyzed by Fatty Acid Desaturase 2 (FAD2) enzymes, is an important regulatory point linked to improved abiotic stress responses while the ratio of these components is a significant determinant of commercial oil quality.

Self- and dis-assembly behavior of segmented wormlike nanostructures from an ABC triblock copolymer.

Herein, we described the self-assembly of a triblock copolymer, poly(styrene--2-vinylpyridine--ethylene oxide) (PS--P2VP--PEO), in THF/water at room temperature to form segmented wormlike nanostructures. We found two different formation mechanisms of the segmented wormlike nanostructures from PS--P2VP--PEO with different molecular weights. Moreover, the dimension of such segmented wormlike nanostructures depends on the stirring rate.

Amphiphilic Carborane-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks as Efficient Polysulfide Nano-Trappers for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density. However, the "shuttle effect" caused by polysulfide results in poor cycling stability and low electrochemical properties, which strongly impedes the practical application of LSBs. Herein, a kind of amphiphilic carborane-based covalent organic framework (CB-COF) is synthesized and treated as nano-trappers for polysulfide.

Genome-Wide Identification of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Common Bean ( L.).

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been utilized to detect genetic variations related to several agronomic traits and disease resistance in common bean. However, its application in the powdery mildew (PM) disease to identify candidate genes and their location in the common bean genome has not been fully addressed. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping with a BeadChip containing 5398 SNPs was used to detect genetic variations related to PM disease resistance in a panel of 211 genotypes grown under two field conditions for two consecutive years.

The next-generation sequencing reveals the complete mitochondrial genome of (Perciformes: Gobiidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the is presented in this study. In brief, it is 16,500 bp long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. The gene order and composition were similar to those of most other vertebrates.

Transcriptomic analyses reveal the expression and regulation of genes associated with resistance to early leaf spot in peanut.

Objective: Early leaf spot (ELS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola (Hori) is a serious foliar disease in peanut worldwide, which causes considerable reduction of yield. Identification of resistance genes is important for both conventional and molecular breeding. Few resistance genes have been identified and the mechanism of defense responses to this pathogen remains unknown.

Comparison of with Diploid and Cultivated Tetraploid Genomes Reveals Asymmetric Subgenome Evolution and Improvement of Peanut.

Like many important crops, peanut is a polyploid that underwent polyploidization, evolution, and domestication. The wild allotetraploid peanut species () is an important and unique link from the wild diploid species to cultivated tetraploid species in the lineage. However, little is known about and its role in the evolution and domestication of this important crop.

Mutagenesis of FAD2 genes in peanut with CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing.

Background: Increasing the content of oleic acid in peanut seeds is one of the major goals in peanut breeding due to consumer and industry benefits, such as anti-oxidation and long shelf-life. Homeologous ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes encode fatty acid desaturases, which are the key enzymes for converting oleic acid to linoleic acid that oxidizes readily. To date, all high oleic acid peanut varieties result from natural mutations occurred in both genes.

A SNP-Based Linkage Map Revealed QTLs for Resistance to Early and Late Leaf Spot Diseases in Peanut ( L.).

Cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important oilseed crop that is grown extensively in Africa, Asia and America. The diseases early and late leaf spot severely constrains peanut production worldwide.

Differential gene expression in leaf tissues between mutant and wild-type genotypes response to late leaf spot in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Late leaf spot (LLS) is a major foliar disease in peanut (A. hypogaea L.) worldwide, causing significant losses of potential yield in the absence of fungicide applications.

Characterization and Amplification of Gene-Based Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers in Date Palm.

The paucity of molecular markers limits the application of genetic and genomic research in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Availability of expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences in date palm may provide a good resource for developing gene-based markers.

QTL mapping for bacterial wilt resistance in peanut ( L.).

Bacterial wilt (BW) caused by is a serious, global, disease of peanut ( L.), but it is especially destructive in China. Identification of DNA markers linked to the resistance to this disease will help peanut breeders efficiently develop resistant cultivars through molecular breeding.

Insights into the novel members of the FAD2 gene family involved in high-oleate fluxes in peanut.

The FAD2 gene family is functionally responsible for the conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in oilseed plants. Multiple members of the FAD gene are known to occur in several oilseed species. In this study, six novel full-length cDNA sequences (named as AhFAD2-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, and -6) were identified in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.

Phylogenetic relationships of species of genus Arachis based on genic sequences.

The genus Arachis (Fabaceae), which originated in South America, consists of 80 species. Based on morphological traits and cross-compatibility among the species, the genus is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Arachis is the largest section including the economically valuable cultivated peanut (A.

Identification and characterization of gene-based SSR markers in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.).

Background: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important tree in the Middle East and North Africa due to the nutritional value of its fruit. Molecular Breeding would accelerate genetic improvement of fruit tree through marker assisted selection.

Characterization and compilation of polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of peanut from public database.

Background: There are several reports describing thousands of SSR markers in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genome. There is a need to integrate various research reports of peanut DNA polymorphism into a single platform.

Development and characterization of BAC-end sequence derived SSRs, and their incorporation into a new higher density genetic map for cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop worldwide, valued for its edible oil and digestible protein. It has a very narrow genetic base that may well derive from a relatively recent single polyploidization event.

An integrated genetic linkage map of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) constructed from two RIL populations.

Construction and improvement of a genetic map for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) continues to be an important task in order to facilitate quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and the development of tools for marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to develop a comparative integrated map from two cultivated × cultivated recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations and to apply in mapping Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance trait in peanut.

Microsatellites as DNA markers in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Background: Genomic research of cultivated peanut has lagged behind other crop species because of the paucity of polymorphic DNA markers found in this crop. It is necessary to identify additional DNA markers for further genetic research in peanut.

Results: Microsatellite markers in cultivated peanut were developed using the SSR enrichment procedure.