Integration of multi-omics transcriptome-wide analysis for the identification of novel therapeutic drug targets in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most important complication of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in eyes. Despite its prevalence, the early detection and management of DR continue to pose considerable challenges. Our research aims to elucidate potent drug targets that could facilitate the identification of DR and propel advancements in its therapeutic strategies.

The contribution of adiponectin to diabetic retinopathy progression: Association with the AGEs-RAGE pathway.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a chronic complication of diabetes. Given that adiponectin plays a key role in DR progression, this study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of sDR progression related to adiponectin. First, we extracted the microarray dataset GSE60436 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify hub genes associated with DR.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals roles of unique retinal microglia types in early diabetic retinopathy.

Background: The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, are intricate. DR was thought to be a microvascular disease previously. However, growing studies have indicated that the retinal microglia-induced inflammation precedes microangiopathy.

Bioinformatics analysis proposes a possible role for long noncoding RNA MIR17HG in retinoblastoma.

Background: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common prevalent intraocular malignancy among infants and children, particularly in underdeveloped countries. With advancements in genomics and transcriptomics, noncoding RNAs have been increasingly utilized to investigate the molecular pathology of diverse diseases.

Aims: This study aims to establish the competing endogenous RNAs network associated with RB, analyse the function of mRNAs and lncRNAs, and finds the relevant regulatory network.

Optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in diabetes: Focusing on diabetic retinopathy and carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: To explore the value of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) metrics in the early diagnosis of vascular complications in diabetes.

Methods: All participants underwent OCTA with a swept-source OCT device. Automated measurements of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, vessel density (VD), and blood flow density (BFD) of both 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 windows were then obtained after a quality check.

New pattern of individualized management of chronic diseases: focusing on inflammatory bowel diseases and looking to the future.

Non-infectious chronic diseases, especially inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, are characterized by a prolonged and multisystemic course, and their incidence increases annually, usually causing serious economic burden and psychological stress for patients. Therefore, these diseases deserve scientific and consistent disease management. In addition, the lack of a comprehensive "early disease clues tracking-personalized treatment system-follow-up" model in hospitals also exacerbates this dilemma.

Social Support Mediates the Relationship Between Coping Styles and the Mental Health of Medical Students.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the impact that coping styles and social support have on the mental health of medical students by constructing a corresponding structural situation model that reveals the complex relationship between these three factors. In doing so, it seeks to help medication students better manage mental health problems.

Patients And Methods: The online study was conducted between March 6, 2021 and May 6, 2021.

Potential Protective Function of Adiponectin in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Adiponectin, one of the most ubiquitous adipokines found in the blood, plays a major role in glucolipid metabolism and energy metabolism and regulation. In recent years, a growing body of research indicates that adiponectin also plays a significant role in diabetic retinopathy. In the present review, we specifically address the protective effects of adiponectin on the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy through improvement in insulin resistance, alleviation of oxidative stress, limiting of inflammation, and prevention of vascular remodeling, with the aim to explore new potential approaches and targets for the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Autophagy in the retinal neurovascular unit: New perspectives into diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent retinal disorders worldwide, and it is a major cause of vision impairment in individuals of productive age. Research has demonstrated the significance of autophagy in DR, which is a critical intracellular homeostasis mechanism required for the destruction and recovery of cytoplasmic components. Autophagy maintains the physiological function of senescent and impaired organelles under stress situations, thereby regulating cell fate via various signals.

Exploring the shared molecular mechanism of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes: Seeking the hub of circulatory system injury.

Background: Microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), and macrovascular complications, referring to atherosclerosis (AS), are the main complications of diabetes. Blindness or fatal microvascular diseases are considered to be identified earlier than fatal macrovascular complications. Exploring the intrinsic relationship between microvascular and macrovascular complications and the hub of pathogenesis is of vital importance for prolonging the life span of patients with diabetes and improving the quality of life.

Single-cell transcriptomics-based multidisease analysis revealing the molecular dynamics of retinal neurovascular units under inflammatory and hypoxic conditions.

The retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is paramount to maintaining the homeostasis of the retina and determines the progression of various diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Although some studies have investigated these diseases, a combined analysis of disease-wide etiology in the NUV at the single-cell level is lacking. Herein, we constructed an atlas of the NVU under inflammatory and hypoxic conditions by integrating single-cell transcriptome data from retinas from wild-type, AireKO, and NdpKO mice.

Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of mRNA Expression Profiles of Mice to Explore the Key Genes Involved in Crim1 Mutation-Induced Congenital Cataracts.

Crim1 has been implicated in cataracts in mice and is of great importance in the development of the eye in both humans and mice. Therefore, we aimed to clarify how Crim1 mutations affect lens development and the molecular mechanism of cataracts in mice through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The microarray chip was downloaded from the GEO database to obtain the gene expression profile data set.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the Müller subtypes and inner blood-retinal barrier regulatory network in early diabetic retinopathy.

As the basic pathological changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the destruction of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) and vascular leakage have attracted extensive attention. Without timely intervention, BRB damage will eventually lead to serious visual impairment. However, due to the delicate structure and complex function of the BRB, the mechanism underlying damage to the BRB in DR has not been fully clarified.

Profile of biological characterizations and clinical application of corneal stem/progenitor cells.

Corneal stem/progenitor cells are typical adult stem/progenitor cells. The human cornea covers the front of the eyeball, which protects the eye from the outside environment while allowing vision. The location and function demand the cornea to maintain its transparency and to continuously renew its epithelial surface by replacing injured or aged cells through a rapid turnover process in which corneal stem/progenitor cells play an important role.

A Narrative Review of STAT Proteins in Diabetic Retinopathy: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Prospects.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a blinding disease, is one of the high-incidence chronic complications of diabetes. However, the current treatment for DR is mainly based on advanced pathological changes, which cannot reverse pre-existing retinal tissue damage and visual impairment. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are essential in DR through early and late stages.

Paired Box Gene 6 Regulates Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression and Mitigates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Lens Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by paired box gene 6 (Pax6) and their roles in hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in lens epithelial cells (LECs) (SRA01/04, HLE-B3).

Methods: Lens anterior capsule membranes of mice of different ages were obtained to compare differences in the expression of Pax6 and HO-1 using Western blotting. Pax6-overexpressing plasmid and small interfering RNA were designed to overexpress and silence Pax6, respectively.

Exploration of shared TF-miRNA‒mRNA and mRNA-RBP-pseudogene networks in type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been confirmed to be closely associated with breast cancer (BC). However, the shared mechanisms between these diseases remain unclear. By comparing different datasets, we identified shared differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in T2DM and BC, including 427 mRNAs and 6 miRNAs from the GEO(Gene Expression Omnibus) database.

Lentivirus-mediated PD-L1 overexpression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells induces immune tolerance in a rat keratoplasty model.

Purpose: The side effects of immune suppressants on immune rejection have become increasingly apparent after keratoplasty. To find out new alternative immunotherapy strategies, we studied the role of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) co-stimulatory pathway in inducing immune tolerance of rat keratoplasty.

Methods: The PD-L1 protein was constitutively overexpressed via lentiviral transduction in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from rats, then infused via the tail vein into rats before undergoing keratoplasty.

Plasma Levels and Diagnostic Significance of miR-335-3p and EGFR in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the common complication of diabetes, accounting for most blindness cases worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs and participate in the pathogenesis and develop-ment of various diseases, including DR. The present study aimed to investigate miR-335-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor (EGFR) roles in DR diagnosis and development.

Effect of image-guided systems in phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: To explore the effect of image-guided systems in phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (inception to January 20, 2021). Two researchers extracted data and assessed paper quality independently.

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Retina:New Looks for Gene Marker and Old Diseases.

The retina is composed of 11 types of cells, including neurons, glial cells and vascular bed cells. It contains five types of neurons, each with specific physiological, morphological, and molecular definitions. Currently, single-cell RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) is emerging as one of the most powerful tools to reveal the complexity of the retina.

Demodex Infection Changes Ocular Surface Microbial Communities, in Which Meibomian Gland Dysfunction May Play a Role.

Introduction: Demodex and bacteria are both components of the ocular surface micro-ecology, constituting a complex interaction. This study aims to explore how ocular surface Demodex infestation (DI) affects ocular surface microbial communities and diversity.

Methods: We recruited 255 subjects, and examined the correlation between ocular surface mite infestation and clinical indicators such as age, blood glucose level, dry eye symptoms, and blood pressure.

Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of ocular diseases.

Exosomes have diverse functions and rich content and are involved in intercellular communication, immune regulation, viral infection, tissue regeneration, and the occurrence, development and metastasis of tumours. Notably, various stem cell-derived exosomes are expected to become new therapeutic approaches for inflammatory diseases and tumours and have good clinical application prospects. However, few studies have examined exosomes in ophthalmic diseases.

A Survey on How Ocular Surface Demodex Infestation Interactively Associates with Diabetes Mellitus and Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: Prevention of ocular surface (OS) Demodex infestation plays an important role in OS hygiene and variety of factors may be associated with it, in which diabetes mellitus (DM) or dry eye disease (DED) has caught the attention of most scholars. However, there has been no research on whether there was a potential interaction between DM and DED in the process of OS Demodex infestation. This cross-sectional study was implemented in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University.

Determining available strategies for prevention and therapy: Exploring COVID‑19 from the perspective of ACE2 (Review).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) is an acute infectious pneumonia caused by a novel type of coronavirus infection. There are currently no clinically available specific drugs for the treatment of this virus. The process of host invasion is the key to viral infection, and it is a mechanism that needs to be considered when exploring antiviral drugs.