Integrated machine learning to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on SARS-COV-2 and lung adenocarcinoma crosstalk genes.

Viruses are widely recognized to be intricately associated with both solid and hematological malignancies in humans. The primary goal of this research is to elucidate the interplay of genes between SARS-CoV-2 infection and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), with a preliminary investigation into their clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms. Transcriptome data for SARS-CoV-2 infection and LUAD were sourced from public databases.

Effects of sintilimab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment on health-related quality of life in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from the randomized phase 3 ORIENT-15 study.

Background: In ORIENT-15 study, sintilimab plus chemotherapy demonstrated significant improvement on overall survival (OS) versus placebo plus chemotherapy in first-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we report effect of sintilimab plus chemotherapy on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with advanced ESCC.

Methods: From December 14, 2018 to August 28, 2022, HRQoL was evaluated in all randomized patients using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 items (QLQ-C30), EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire Oesophageal Cancer Module 18 items (QLQ-OES18), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L).

Identification of prognosis-related lncRNAs and cell validation in lung squamous cell carcinoma based on TCGA data.

Objective: To discern long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with prognostic relevance in the context of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), we intend to predict target genes by leveraging The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. Subsequently, we aim to investigate the proliferative potential of critical lncRNAs within the LUSC milieu.

Methods: DESeq2 was employed to identify differentially expressed genes within the TCGA database.

Development and Validation of the Oxidative Stress Related lncRNAs for Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) is an aggressive disease associated with a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and oxidative stress play crucial roles in tumor progression. We aimed to identify an oxidative stress-related lncRNA signature that could predict the prognosis in ESCC.

The possible molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of the variable shear factor QKI in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of oesophageal cancer.

Objective: Based on the GEO, TCGA and GTEx databases, we reveal the possible molecular mechanism of the variable shear factor QKI in epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of oesophageal cancer.

Methods: Based on the TCGA and GTEx databases, the differential expression of the variable shear factor QKI in oesophageal cancer samples was analysed, and functional enrichment analysis of QKI was performed based on the TCGA-ESCA dataset. The percent-spliced in (PSI) data of oesophageal cancer samples were downloaded from the TCGASpliceSeq database, and the genes and variable splicing types that were significantly related to the expression of the variable splicing factor QKI were screened out.

Efficacy of radiomics model based on the concept of gross tumor volume and clinical target volume in predicting occult lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to establish a predictive model for occult lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with clinical stage I-A non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on contrast-enhanced CT.

Methods: A total of 598 patients with stage I-IIA NSCLC from different hospitals were randomized into the training and validation group. The "Radiomics" tool kit of AccuContour software was employed to extract the radiomics features of GTV and CTV from chest-enhanced CT arterial phase pictures.

The NR_109/FUBP1/c-Myc axis regulates TAM polarization and remodels the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer development.

Background: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and exert an important role in tumor progression. Due to the heterogeneity and plasticity of TAMs, modulating the polarization states of TAMs is considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for tumors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, yet the underlying mechanism on how lncRNAs manipulate the polarization states of TAMs is still unclear and remains to be further investigated.

Safety and efficacy of apatinib in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma after the failure of two or more lines of chemotherapy (AHEAD): a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, phase IV study.

Background: Apatinib, a highly selective VEGFR2 inhibitor, significantly improved efficacy versus placebo as a third- and later-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer in phase 2 and 3 trials. This prospective, single-arm, multicenter phase IV AHEAD study was conducted to verify the safety and efficacy of apatinib in patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma after at least two lines of systematic therapy in clinical practice settings.

Methods: Patients with advanced gastric cancer who had previously failed at least two lines of chemotherapy received oral apatinib until disease progression, death or unacceptable toxicity.

Application status and future prospects of the PDX model in lung cancer.

Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent, fatal, and highly heterogeneous diseases that, seriously threaten human health. Lung cancer is primarily caused by the aberrant expression of multiple genes in the cells. Lung cancer treatment options include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.

Pb induces ferroptosis in choroid plexus epithelial cells via Fe metabolism.

Pb can enhance blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) permeability and accumulate in brain tissue, leading to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Choroid plexus (CP) epithelial cells are the main components of the BCSFB with crucial functions in BCSFB maintenance. However, the mechanism by which Pb exposure affects CP epithelial cells remains unclear.

Electromagnetic interactions in regulations of cell behaviors and morphogenesis.

Emerging evidence indicates that the cellular electromagnetic field regulates the fundamental physics of cell biology. The electromagnetic oscillations and synchronization of biomolecules triggered by the internal and external pulses serve as the physical basis of the cellular electromagnetic field. Recent studies have indicated that centrosomes, a small organelle in eukaryotic cells that organize spindle microtubules during mitosis, also function as a nano-electronic generator in cells.

Small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis: From molecular mechanisms to diagnosis and treatment.

Lung cancer is the most malignant human cancer worldwide, also with the highest incidence rate. However, small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 14 % of all lung cancer cases. Approximately 10 % of patients with SCLC have brain metastasis at the time of diagnosis, which is the leading cause of death of patients with SCLC worldwide.

One-step algorithm for fast-track localization and multi-category classification of histological subtypes in lung cancer.

Backgrounds: Accumulated evidence has proven that computer-derived features from computed tomography (CT) through radiomics and deep learning technologies can identify extensive characteristics of pulmonary malignancies, such as nodules detection and malignant lesion discrimination. However, there are few studies on whether CT images can reflect histological subtypes of lung cancer through computer-derived features.

Methods: Contrast-enhanced CT images prior treatment from 417 patients diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), or lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were collected.

Sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy as first line treatment for locally advanced or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ORIENT-15): multicentre, randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial.

Objective: To evaluate sintilimab versus placebo in combination with chemotherapy (cisplatin plus paclitaxel or cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil) as first line treatment of unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Design: Multicentre, randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial.

Setting: 66 sites in China and 13 sites outside of China between 14 December 2018 and 9 April 2021.

Arsenic nano complex induced degradation of YAP sensitized ESCC cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapy.

Background: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by arsenic treatment in solid tumors showed to be effective to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapies. Arsenic nano compounds are known to increase the ROS production in solid tumors.

Methods: In this study we developed arsenic-ferrosoferric oxide conjugated Nano Complex (AsS-FeO AFCNC) to further promote the ROS induction ability of arsenic reagent in solid tumors.

Correction: Molecular predictors of brain metastasis-related microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) induced degradation of Cyclin D1 sensitized PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor in oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is widely studied for its antitumor efficacy and several recent studies suggested the immune modulatory effects of ATO in animal models. In this study we found ATO treatment induced increased ROS production and DNA damage in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, led to DNA damage mediated degradation of Cyclin D1 and upregulation of PD-L1 in these cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found ATO induced a transient upregulation and nuclear translocation of Cyclin D1 by sumoylation.

Gambogic acid affects ESCC progression through regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an invasive gastrointestinal malignancy and in urgent need of new effective therapies. Gambogic acid (GA) exhibits anti-cancer effects in many cancer cells, but it remains to be determined whether GA has the same effect on ESCC. Here, we reported that GA treatment caused an inhibition in ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.