Biopolymer immune implants co-loaded with TMZ, R848 and IOX1 for perioperative therapy of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), a prevalent and aggressive brain tumor, poses significant treatment challenges due to its rapid progression and the difficulty in achieving complete surgical resection. The current treatment regime, primarily surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, offers limited success, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10 %. For addressing the challenges faced in the treatment of GBM, an approach using a biopolymer implant constructed with dynamic reversible covalent bonds, was designed to achieve controlled and constant-rate release of chemotherapy drug (Temozolomide, TMZ), immune adjuvant (Resiquimod, R848) and checkpoint inhibitor (5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline, IOX1).

Minimally Invasive Injectable Gel for Local Immunotherapy of Liver and Gastric Cancer.

Local immunotherapy represents a promising solution for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis post tumor surgical resection by eliminating residue tumor cells as well as eliciting tumor-specific immune responses. Minimally invasive surgery has become a mainstream surgical method worldwide due to its advantages of aesthetics and rapid postoperative recovery. Unfortunately, the currently reported local immunotherapy strategies are mostly designed to be used after open laparotomy, which go against the current surgical philosophy of minimally invasive therapy and is not suitable for clinical translation.

Targeting bacterial metabolites in tumor for cancer therapy: An alternative approach for targeting tumor-associated bacteria.

Emerging evidence reveal that tumor-associated bacteria (TAB) can facilitate the initiation and progression of multiple types of cancer. Recent work has emphasized the significant role of intestinal microbiota, particularly bacteria, plays in affecting responses to chemo- and immuno-therapies. Hence, it seems feasible to improve cancer treatment outcomes by targeting intestinal bacteria.

Ultrasound-triggered with ROS-responsive SN38 nanoparticle for enhanced combination cancer immunotherapy.

Controlled generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential in cancer therapy. Ultrasound (US)-triggered sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has shown considerable ability to trigger ROS generation. Unfortunately, US therapy alone is insufficient to trigger an efficient anticancer response, owing to the induction of multiple immunosuppressive factors.

Comprehensive evaluation of biopolymer immune implants for peritoneal metastasis carcinoma therapy.

Immunotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of advanced stage cancers with spreading metastases, while the fully activation of immune system often requires sustained and long-acting immune stimulation by immunotherapeutic agents. In previous studies, we designed a biopolymer immune implant by dynamic covalent bonds and achieved sustained release of loaded immunotherapeutic agents, thus stimulated systemic immune activation and elicited immune memory effects. Herein, we further optimized the implants and carried out a comprehensive evaluation of the implants on peritoneal metastasis carcinoma (PMC) therapy.

Cisplatin Nanoparticles Promote Intratumoral CD8 T Cell Priming via Antigen Presentation and T Cell Receptor Crosstalk.

Nanomedicines are highly promising for cancer therapy due to their minimal side effects. However, little is known regarding their host immune response, which may limit their clinical efficacy and applications. Here, we find that cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded poly(l-glutamic acid)--methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) complex nanoparticles (CDDP-NPs) elicit a strong antitumor CD8 T cell-mediated immune response in a tumor-bearing mouse model compared to free CDDP.

Application of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the diagnosis and activity determination of ulcerative colitis: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Background: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a potential biomarker to evaluate the condition of ulcerative colitis (UC), but whether it can determine the activity of UC is still controversial. So we conducted this meta-analysis to study the relationship between them.

Methods: We searched the databases of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang, and CNKI to collect qualified articles.

A simple and general strategy for postsurgical personalized cancer vaccine therapy based on an injectable dynamic covalent hydrogel.

Cancer vaccines artificially stimulate the immune system against cancer and are considered the most promising treatment of cancer. However, the current progress in vaccine research against cancer is still limited and slow, partially due to the difficulties in identifying and obtaining tumor-specific antigens. Considering surgery as the first choice for tumor treatment in most cases, the authors evaluated whether the resected tumor can be directly used as a source of tumor antigens for designing personalized cancer vaccines.

Manipulating Liver Bile Acid Signaling by Nanodelivery of Bile Acid Receptor Modulators for Liver Cancer Immunotherapy.

Gut bacteria and their metabolites influence the immune microenvironment of liver through the gut-liver axis, thus representing emerging therapeutic targets for liver cancer therapy. However, directly manipulating gut microbiota or their metabolites is not practical in clinic since the safety concerns and the complicated mechanism of action. Considering the dysregulated bile acid profiles associated with liver cancer, here we propose a strategy that directly manipulates the primary and secondary bile acid receptors through nanoapproach as an alternative and more precise way for liver cancer therapy.

In-Situ-Sprayed Dual-Functional Immunotherapeutic Gel for Colorectal Cancer Postsurgical Treatment.

Surgery remains the most preferred treatment options for colorectal cancer (CRC). Paradoxically, local recurrence and distant metastasis are usually accelerated postsurgery as a consequence of local and systemic immunosuppression caused by surgery. Therefore, modulating tumor postoperative immune microenvironment and activating systemic antitumor immunity are necessary supplementaries for CRC therapy.

Biodegradable Implants Combined with Immunogenic Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Therapy for Peritoneal Metastatic Carcinoma Postoperative Treatment.

Peritoneal seeding represents one of the most frequent sites of metastasis for late-stage gastrointestinal and gynecological cancer. At present, the major treatment method for peritoneal metastatic carcinoma (PMC) is the combination of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Nevertheless, the 5 year survival rate of patients after these treatments is still far from satisfactory.

Precise delivery of obeticholic acid nanoapproach for triggering natural killer T cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy.

Primary bile acids were reported to augment secretion of chemokine (C‒X‒C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and trigger natural killer T (NKT) cell-based immunotherapy for liver cancer. However, abundant expression of receptors for primary bile acids across the gastrointestinal tract overwhelms the possibility of using agonists against these receptors for liver cancer control. Taking advantage of the intrinsic property of LSECs in capturing circulating nanoparticles in the circulation, we proposed a strategy using nanoemulsion-loaded obeticholic acid (OCA), a clinically approved selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, for precisely manipulating LSECs for triggering NKT cell-mediated liver cancer immunotherapy.

Biopolymer Immune Implants' Sequential Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immunity for Colorectal Cancer Postoperative Immunotherapy.

Surgical resection is the first-line therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, for advanced CRC, the curative effect of surgical resection is limited due to either local recurrence or distal metastasis. Postoperative in situ immunotherapy, presents a promising option for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis, owing to the fact that surgeons have unique opportunities and direct access to the surgical site.

The impact of anastomotic leakage on oncology after curative anterior resection for rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious clinical complication after anterior resection for rectal cancer and will lead to an increase in postoperative mortality. However, the effect on long-term oncology outcomes remains controversial.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for related articles.

[Comparative study of three-dimensional and two-dimensional laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy in short-term efficacy].

Objective: To evaluate the advantage and short-term efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods: Clinical data of 116 gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical gastrectomy in our department from January 2014 to August 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 116 patients, 56 received 3D and 60 received two-dimensional(2D) technique respectively.