Distributed Extended State Observer-Based Formation Control of Flight Vehicles Subject to Constraints on Speed and Acceleration.

This article investigates the leader-follower formation control of flight vehicles subject to speed and control acceleration constraints. The objective of the flight vehicles is to track a virtual leader in a nominal configuration, while the speeds and control accelerations of the flight vehicles are restricted within certain ranges. A distributed extended state observer (DESO) featuring practical predefined-time convergence is proposed for the followers to estimate the leader's position and velocity.

The role of SIRT1-FXR signaling pathway in valproic acid induced liver injury: a quantitative targeted metabolomic evaluation in epileptic children.

Aim: This study aimed to gain deeper insights into the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of valproic acid (VPA), as well as to identify potential risk markers for VPA-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods: Twenty-two children with epilepsy treated with VPA monotherapy were divided into a normal liver function (NLF) group, a mild abnormal liver function (ANLF1) group, and a serious abnormal liver function (ANLF2) group based on their liver function indicator levels. The full quantitative targeted metabolomics technique was used to systematically investigate how the differential endogenous metabolic components change with the development of liver injury.

Developing a framework for identifying risk factors and estimating direct economic disease burden attributable to healthcare-associated infections: a case study of a Chinese Tuberculosis hospital.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) represent a major global health burden, which necessitate effective frameworks to identify potential risk factors and estimate the corresponding direct economic disease burden. In this article, we proposed a framework designed to address these needs through a case study conducted in a Tuberculosis (TB) hospital in Hubei Province, China, using data from 2018 to 2019. A comprehensive multistep procedure was developed, including ethical application, participant inclusion, risk factor identification, and direct economic disease burden estimation.

Prolonged joint cavity retention of tranexamic acid achieved by a solid-in-oil-in-gel system: A preliminary study.

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolysis agent widely used in postoperative blood loss management. As a highly water-soluble drug, TXA is suffering from rapid clearance from the action site, therefore, large amount of drug is required when administered either by intravenously or topically. In this study, a TXA preparation with prolonged action site residence was designed using the nano-micro strategy.

Adaptive cooperative guidance with seeker-less followers: A position coordination-based framework.

This paper addresses the problem of cooperative guidance for multiple flight vehicles, comprising a leader and seeker-less followers. All the flight vehicles are required to hit the target simultaneously at a desired impact time, even though the target information is unavailable to the followers. To achieve this, a fixed-time convergent guidance law is proposed for the leader, incorporating impact time control.

Development of a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs and analgesics in human plasma.

In hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, sorafenib, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, lenvatinib, and donafenib are first-line drugs; regorafenib, apatinib, and cabozantinib are second-line drugs; and oxycodone, morphine, and fentanyl are commonly used analgesics. However, the high degree of inter- and intra-individual variability in the efficacy and toxicity of these drugs remains an urgent issue. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the most reliable technical means for evaluating drug safety and efficacy.

Development and validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of fifteen targeted anti-cancer drugs in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring.

In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to simultaneously detect 15 targeted anti-cancer drugs: aletinib, afatinib, apatinib, icotinib, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, crizotinib, lapatinib, regorafenib, ceritinib, sorafenib, vemurafenib, imatinib, and N-desmethyl imatinib. Plasma samples were processed using a new magnetic solid phase extraction technique to extract each drug. The 15 analytes and four isotope internal standards were separated using an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (50.

Pharmacokinetic changes for newer antiepileptic drugs and seizure control during pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate pharmacokinetic changes in newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and assess seizure frequencies and risk factors of increased seizures during pregnancy in women with epilepsy (WWE).

Methods: A total of 56 pregnancies in 53 WWE who received newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were enrolled. Data on seizure activity and types, daily dose, and AEDs blood levels were derived from routine clinical follow-up.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 12 anti-tumor drugs in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring.

The effectiveness and safety of anti-tumor drugs are clinically important issues, and their therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is recommended. This study aimed to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous TDM and exploration of clinical pharmacokinetics of anti-tumor drugs, including cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, pemetrexed disodium, capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, and irinotecan. After magnetic solid-phase extraction of plasma samples, the isotope internal standards and 12 anti-tumor drugs were separated using a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (50.

Circular RNA circ_DROSHA alleviates the neural damage in a cell model of temporal lobe epilepsy through regulating miR-106b-5p/MEF2C axis.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most prevalent form of acquired epilepsy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently been highlighted as important regulators in TLE. Nevertheless, the role and mechanism of circRNA Drosha ribonuclease III (circ_DROSHA) in TLE pathogenesis are still unknown.

Lysine-mediated hydroxyethyl starch-10-hydroxy camptothecin micelles for the treatment of liver cancer.

Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with extremely high morbidity and mortality. At present, traditional chemotherapy is still the most commonly used therapeutic approach. However, serious side effects lead to the treatment of liver cancer is not ideal.

Impact of Age and Genotype on Serum Concentrations of Valproic Acid and Its Hepatotoxic Metabolites in Chinese Pediatric Patients With Epilepsy.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate how age and genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A6 and UGT2B7 contribute to the concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and its hepatotoxic metabolites in Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy.

Methods: A total of 122 children with epilepsy were genotyped at 19T>G, 541A>G, and 552A>C in UGT1A6 and -161C>T and 802C>T in UGT2B7 using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method or direct sequencing method. The concentrations of VPA, 4-ene-VPA, and 2,4-diene-VPA were simultaneously determined using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Preparation and evaluation of intestinal retention pellets of Berberine chloride to enhance hypoglycemic and lipid-lowing efficacy.

Berberine chloride (BBR) is a pharmacokinetic profile of drug with poor bioavailability but good therapeutic efficacy, which is closely related to the discovery of BBR intestinal target. The major aim of this paper is to develop BBR intestinal retention type sustained-release pellets and evaluate their and behaviors base on the aspect of local action on intestinal tract. Here, wet milling technology is used to improve dissolution and dissolution rate of BBR by decreasing the particle size and increasing the wettability.

Sorafenib-loaded hydroxyethyl starch-TG100-115 micelles for the treatment of liver cancer based on synergistic treatment.

Tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important part of tumor microenvironment promoting tumor deterioration and metastasis by inhibiting immune cells. Previous studies showed that PI3Kγ inhibitor could reverse the phenotype of TAMs, relieve immunosuppression and sensitize chemotherapy drugs, suggesting that the combination of PI3Kγ inhibitor and chemotherapeutics is likely to bring new breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer.

Pharmacokinetic interactions and tolerability of berberine chloride with simvastatin and fenofibrate: an open-label, randomized, parallel study in healthy Chinese subjects.

Purpose: Fenofibrate (Fbt) is a prodrug that has been used to reduce low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and increase high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Simvastatin (Svt) is a classic lipid-lowering drug that is widely used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, while berberine chloride (Bbr) is a novel hypolipidemic agent and its blood-lipid-reducing mechanism is distinct from traditional drugs. Currently, drug combination is the trend in treating hyperlipidemia to improve clinical efficacy.

Associations of CYP2C9 and CYP2A6 Polymorphisms with the Concentrations of Valproate and its Hepatotoxin Metabolites and Valproate-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

The aim of this study was to compare genetic polymorphisms and concentrations of hepatotoxic metabolites in patients with epilepsy and liver injury and those with normal liver function receiving valproate monotherapy to identify risk factors for VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. A total of 279 Chinese patients with epilepsy were divided into an abnormal liver function (ANLFT) group (n = 79) and a normal liver function (NLFT) group (n = 200). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR-RFLP and nested PCR were applied to identify the frequency of two SNPs in candidate genes.

Simultaneous Determination of Valproic Acid and Its Major Metabolites by UHPLC-MS/MS in Chinese Patients: Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.

A specific and sensitive Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and its clinically relevant metabolites (4-ene-VPA, 2,4-diene-VPA and 2-ene-VPA) in human serum. After solid-phase extraction, VPA, its metabolites and the internal standard were subjected to chromatographic separation by gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min on an EC-C18 column.

Effect of polymorphisms in CYP3A4, PPARA, NR1I2, NFKB1, ABCG2 and SLCO1B1 on the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin in healthy Chinese volunteers.

Aim: This study examined whether gene polymorphisms (CYP3A4, ABCG2, SLCO1B1, NR1I2, PPARA and NFKB1) influenced the pharmacokinetics of lovastatin in Chinese healthy subjects.

Patients & Method: Plasma concentrations of lovastatin and lovastatin acid were quantified using LC/MS/MS.

Results: PPARA c.

Beta-asarone protects against MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease via regulating long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and inhibiting α-synuclein protein expression.

Objective: Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence demonstrates that β-asarone functions as neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the role of β-asarone and its potential mechanism in PD remain not completely clear.

Long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes glioma cell proliferation via inhibiting microRNA-410.

Background And Aim: Long non-coding RNAs have been confirmed to play a critical role in various cancers. In the present study, the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CCAT1 on glioma cell proliferation and its potential mechanism were investigated.

Methods And Results: Real-time PCR results showed that lncRNA-CCAT1 expression was significantly upregulated in glioma cancer tissues and cell lines compared with controls.

Association Analysis of Proteasome Subunits and Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing on Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Proteasome subunits (PSMB) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II region play important roles in immune response and protein degradation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSMB and TAP and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted by genotyping SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 genes in the Chinese population.

Well-defined hydroxyethyl starch-10-hydroxy camptothecin super macromolecule conjugate: cytotoxicity, pharmacodynamics research, tissue distribution test and intravenous injection safety assessment.

10-Hydroxy camptothecin (10-HCPT) is an antitumor agent effective in the treatment of several solid tumors but its use is hampered by poor water solubility, low lactone stability, short plasma half-life and dose-limiting toxicity. These limits of 10-HCPT had been overcome by our group through preparing super macromolecule prodrug: 10-HCPT-hydroxyethyl starch (HES) conjugate. In this study, we mainly evaluated in vitro and in vivo behavior of the prodrug, containing cytotoxicity assay, pharmacodynamics study, vascular irritation test, hemolysis experiment and tissue distribution test of rats.

Development and application of a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of fenofibric acid and berberine in rat plasma: application to the drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study of fenofibrate combined with berberine after oral administration in rats.

With the purpose of carrying out pharmacokinetic interaction studies ofnberberine (BBR) and fenofibrate (FBT), an UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated. The analytes, BBR and fenofibric acid (FBA, metabolite of FBT) and the internal standard, tetrahydropalmatine, were extracted with dichloromethane-diethyl ether (3:2, v/v) and separated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 column using a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water. With positive ion electrospray ionization, the analytes were monitored on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode.

Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of simvastatin, simvastatin hydroxy acid and berberine in rat plasma: Application to the drug-drug pharmacokinetic interaction study of simvastatin combined with berberine after oral administration in rats.

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) assay method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of simvastatin (SV), its metabolite simvastatin hydroxy acid (SVA) and berberine (BBR) in rat plasma. Separation was performed on Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (4.6×50mm, 2.