Precise design of dual active-site catalysts for synergistic catalytic therapy of tumors.

A proven and promising method to improve the catalytic performance of single-atom catalysts through the interaction between bimetallic atoms to change the active surface sites or adjust the catalytic sites of reactants is reported. In this work, we used an iron-platinum bimetallic reagent as the metal source to precisely synthesise covalent organic framework-derived diatomic catalysts (FePt-DAC/NC). Benefiting from the coordination between the two metal atoms, the presence of Pt single atoms can successfully regulate Fe-N activity.

Research on Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance in the Dairy Farm Environment in a Part of Shandong Province.

Antimicrobials are extensively utilized in dairy farms to prevent and control diseases in cattle. However, their use contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARG), and these can be transmitted to the environment. Regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies.

Polyphyllin II inhibits NLPR3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory response of -infected human bronchial epithelial cells.

Background: The bronchial infection by is increasing in prevalence and severity worldwide. Despite appropriate tuberculosis treatment, most patients still develop bronchial stenosis, which often leads to disability. Polyphyllin II (PP2) is a steroidal saponin extracted from Rhizoma Paridis.

Protective effect of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide on apoptosis and mitochondrial damage induced by pseudorabies virus in PK-15 cells.

Previous studies have confirmed that Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) has the effects of regulating immunity and anti-apoptosis, but its effect on mitochondrial damage and apoptosis caused by PRV infection is still unclear. In this research, the effects of PGPS on the cell viability, mitochondria morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis caused by PRV based on PK-15 cells were respectively examined by CCK-F assay, Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos, JC-1 staining method and Western blot etc. CCK-F test results showed that PGPS had a protective effect on the decrease of cell viability caused by PRV.

The Protective Effect of Lycium Ruthenicum Murr Anthocyanins in Cr (VI)-Induced Mitophagy in DF-1 Cells.

Cr (VI) is an extremely toxic environment and professional pollutant that seriously damages mitochondrial dysfunction when it enters a cell. Anthocyanins possess anti-oxidant, antiaging, and antifatigue properties. The regulatory effect of Lycium ruthenicum Murr anthocyanin (LRMA) on Cr (VI)-induced mitophagy in DF-1 cells was determined.

Discovery of a novel nucleoside immune signaling molecule 2'-deoxyguanosine in microbes and plants.

Introduction: Beneficial microorganisms play essential roles in plant growth and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by releasing signaling molecules. Our previous study obtained the crude extract from beneficial endophyte Paecilomyces variotii, termed ZNC (ZhiNengCong), which significantly enhanced plant resistance to pathogen even at 100 ng/ml. However, the immunoreactive components of ZNC remain unclear.

The surface morphology of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide and its anti-apoptotic effect by targeting autophagy.

Background: Fumonisin B1 is categorised as possible carcinogenic to humans which commonly contaminate maize and maize-based products worldwide, FB1, like other environmental pollutants, may activate apoptosis, autophagy, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) is prepared from a traditional herbal medicine in Asia with tremendous pharmacological activities. However, whether PGPS could relieve FB1-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated.

-induced autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cell PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) infection is a significant cause of mastitis, resulting in loss of cellular homeostasis and tissue damage. Autophagy plays an essential function in cell survival, defense, and the preservation of cellular homeostasis, and is often part of the response to pathogenic challenge.

Protective effects of agrimonolide on hypoxia-induced H9c2 cell injury by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

Cardiomyocyte death caused by hypoxia is one of the main causes of myocardial infarction or heart failure, and mitochondria play an important role in this process. Agrimonolide (AM) is a monomeric component extracted from Agrimonia pilosa L. and has antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides inhibit Pseudorabies virus replication via downregulating virus-induced autophagy.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the common pathogens in farms. Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) has been reported with a variety of biological activities. Autophagy is one of the vital mechanisms for cells to cope with virus infection, and it may also inhibit or promote virus replication.

Hydrogen-Rich Medium Regulates Cr(VI)-Induced ER Stress and Autophagy Signaling in DF-1 Cells.

Related studies have shown that chromium (Cr) is toxic to cells, and hydrogen can protect cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy. However, there are few reports on the protective effects of hydrogen on heavy metal-induced cell damage. The objective of this study was to investigate the protection of hydrogen-rich medium (HRM) on Cr(VI)-induced ER stress and autophagy in DF-1 cells.

Inflammatory Injury and Mitophagy in the Cock Heart Induced by the Oral Administration of Hexavalent Chromium.

As a highly toxic heavy metal, chromium has caused a certain threat to public health and livestock breeding in recent years. In poultry, as one of our most commonly consumed meat product, its health issues will seriously threaten the safety of human life. As previous studies have confirmed, when cells are stimulated by the external environment, mitochondria, as an organelle that provides energy to the cells, can cause damage and autophagy.

Inflammatory injury and mitophagy of the brain in chicken exposed to Cr(VI).

The aim of this study is to determine whether Cr(VI) can induce inflammatory injury in chicken brain and influence mitophagy and related mechanisms. A total of 120 hyline brown chickens (1 day old, 20±3g) were selected and randomly divided into four groups and given different doses of Cr(VI) (0, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) every day at 45 days. Results showed that excessive intake of Cr(VI) led to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and decreased interferon-gamma (IF-γ) level.

Intrinsic Semiconducting Behavior in a Large Mixed-Valent Uranium(V/VI) Cluster.

We disclose the intrinsic semiconducting properties of one of the largest mixed-valent uranium clusters, [H O ][U (U O ) (μ -O) (PhCOO) (Py(CH O) ) (DMF) ] (Ph=phenyl, Py=pyridyl, DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide) (1). Single-crystal X-ray crystallography demonstrates that U center is stabilized within a tetraoxo core surrounded by eight uranyl(VI) pentagonal bipyramidal centers. The oxidation states of uranium are substantiated by spectroscopic data and magnetic susceptibility measurement.

Permafrost thawing puts the frozen carbon at risk over the Tibetan Plateau.

Soil organic carbon (SOC) stored in permafrost across the high-latitude/altitude Northern Hemisphere represents an important potential carbon source under future warming. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation on the spatiotemporal dynamics of SOC over the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP), which has received less attention compared with the circum-Arctic region. The permafrost region covers ~42% of the entire TP and contains ~37.

Mitophagy Induced by Mitochondrial Function Damage in Chicken Kidney Exposed to Cr(VI).

Cr(VI) is a heavy metal environmental pollutant and carcinogen. Excessive Cr(VI) exposure injures kidneys. This study aimed to investigate mitophagy induced by mitochondrial function damage in chicken kidney exposed to Cr(VI).

Protective effects of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharides against apoptosis induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone in 3D4/21 cells.

This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPS) on carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in 3D4/21 cells. Apoptosis-related indicators such as cell viability, apoptosis rate, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and apoptosis-related protein were examined. Results indicated that PGPS can inhibit CCCP-induced cell damage, with cell-survival rate reaching 81% and apoptotic rate decreasing to 23%.

No trends in spring and autumn phenology during the global warming hiatus.

Phenology plays a fundamental role in regulating photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, and surface energy fluxes and is sensitive to climate change. The global mean surface air temperature data indicate a global warming hiatus between 1998 and 2012, while its impacts on global phenology remains unclear. Here we use long-term satellite and FLUXNET records to examine phenology trends in the northern hemisphere before and during the warming hiatus.

Co-evolutionary dynamics of the human-environment system in the Heihe River basin in the past 2000years.

There is limited quantitative understanding of interactions between human and environmental systems over the millennial scale. We aim to reveal the co-evolutionary dynamics of the human-environment system in a river basin by simulating the water use and net primary production (NPP) allocation for human and environmental systems over the last 2000years in Heihe River basin (HRB) in northwest China. We partition the catchment total evapotranspiration (ET) into ET for human and environmental systems with a social-hydrological framework and estimate the NPP for human and environmental systems using the Box-Lieth model, then classify the co-evolutionary processes of the human-environment system into distinct phases using the rate of changes of NPP over time, and discover the trade-offs or synergies relationships between them based on the elasticity of change of the NPP for humans to the change of NPP for environment.

Effects of Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum on Immunity-Enhancing Activity In Vitro.

The study is aimed at investigating the immunoenhancement activity of polysaccharides from polysaccharides (PGPSs) in vitro. In this study, some research on lymphocyte proliferation, cell cycle, and the levels of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were performed. Four different concentrations of PGPSs (PGPS, PGPS, PGPS, and PGPS) were harvested and added to peripheral blood T lymphocytes.