Glycolate production by a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking carbon-concentrating mechanism.

The green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii serves as a model organism for plant and photosynthesis research due to many commonalities in metabolism and to the fast growth rate of C. reinhardtii which accelerates experimental turnaround time. In addition, C.

Giant Cell-Rich Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Nasopharynx: Case Report and Literature Review.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) can occur in several locations outside the pleura, but rarely in the sinonasal tract, and particularly not in the nasopharynx. Herein, we describe an unusual case of giant cell-rich SFT (GCRSFT) occurring in the nasopharynx. A 64-year-old man experienced dizziness and headache for more than 10 years with no obvious cause.

Review on -Allulose: Metabolism, Catalytic Mechanism, Engineering Strain Construction, Bio-Production Technology.

Rare sugar -allulose as a substitute sweetener is produced through the isomerization of -fructose by -tagatose 3-epimerases (DTEases) or -allulose 3-epimerases (DAEases). -Allulose is a kind of low energy monosaccharide sugar naturally existing in some fruits in very small quantities. -Allulose not only possesses high value as a food ingredient and dietary supplement, but also exhibits a variety of physiological functions serving as improving insulin resistance, antioxidant enhancement, and hypoglycemic controls, and so forth.

Alkannin represses growth of pancreatic cancer cells based on the down regulation of miR-199a.

Alkannin displays tumor suppressive activity by initiating apoptosis. Here, we corroborated its role in pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) cells and addressed the molecular mechanism in which microRNA-199a (miR-199a) and Klotho might be implicated. PANC-1 and MIN6 cells were treated by alkannin and its role was evaluated in cellular viability.

Xylose assimilation enhances the production of isobutanol in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Bioconversion of xylose-the second most abundant sugar in nature-into high-value fuels and chemicals by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a long-term goal of the metabolic engineering community. Although most efforts have heavily focused on the production of ethanol by engineered S. cerevisiae, yields and productivities of ethanol produced from xylose have remained inferior as compared with ethanol produced from glucose.

Deletion of JEN1 and ADY2 reduces lactic acid yield from an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in xylose medium, expressing a heterologous lactate dehydrogenase.

Microorganisms have evolved to produce specific end products for many reasons, including maintaining redox balance between NAD+ and NADH. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for example, produces ethanol as a primary end product from glucose for the regeneration of NAD+. Engineered S.

Screening for the Biomarkers Associated with Myocardial Infarction by Bioinformatics Analysis.

We aimed to find novel biomarkers associated with myocardial infarction (MI). The array data of GSE62646 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed with limma package.

Overcoming the thermodynamic equilibrium of an isomerization reaction through oxidoreductive reactions for biotransformation.

Isomerases perform biotransformations without cofactors but often cause an undesirable mixture of substrate and product due to unfavorable thermodynamic equilibria. We demonstrate the feasibility of using an engineered yeast strain harboring oxidoreductase reactions to overcome the thermodynamic limit of an isomerization reaction. Specifically, a yeast strain capable of consuming lactose intracellularly is engineered to produce tagatose from lactose through three layers of manipulations.

Bioprocessing and technoeconomic feasibility analysis of simultaneous production of d-psicose and ethanol using engineered yeast strain KAM-2GD.

The objective of this study was to analyze the processing and technoeconomic feasibility of coproduction of d-psicose and ethanol in a modified dry grind ethanol process. The yeast strain was constructed by expressing d-psicose 3-epimerases (DPE) in Sachharomyces cerevisiae. The strain was capable of converting d-fructose to d-psicose at 55 °C with a conversion efficiency of 26.

Changes of Serum Procalcitonin (PCT), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), High Mobility Group Protein-B1 (HMGB1) and D-Dimer in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis Treated with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) and Its Clinical Significance.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high mobility group protein-B1 (HMGB1), and D-dimer in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients during treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and the clinical significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 92 SAP patients admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group using a random number table method, with 46 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional therapy, and the observation group was given CRRT in addition to conventional therapy.

A Mutation in Causing Inefficient Galactose Metabolism in the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii.

The probiotic yeast has been extensively studied for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases, and it is now commercially available in some countries. displays notable phenotypic characteristics, such as a high optimal growth temperature, high tolerance against acidic conditions, and the inability to form ascospores, which differentiate from The majority of prior studies stated that exhibits sluggish or halted galactose utilization. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying inefficient galactose uptake have yet to be elucidated.

Glucose repression can be alleviated by reducing glucose phosphorylation rate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Microorganisms commonly exhibit preferential glucose consumption and diauxic growth when cultured in mixtures of glucose and other sugars. Although various genetic perturbations have alleviated the effects of glucose repression on consumption of specific sugars, a broadly applicable mechanism remains unknown. Here, we report that a reduction in the rate of glucose phosphorylation alleviates the effects of glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Enhanced isoprenoid production from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae has limited capabilities for producing fuels and chemicals derived from acetyl-CoA, such as isoprenoids, due to a rigid flux partition toward ethanol during glucose metabolism. Despite numerous efforts, xylose fermentation by engineered yeast harboring heterologous xylose metabolic pathways was not as efficient as glucose fermentation for producing ethanol. Therefore, we hypothesized that xylose metabolism by engineered yeast might be a better fit for producing non-ethanol metabolites.

Metabolic engineering of a haploid strain derived from a triploid industrial yeast for producing cellulosic ethanol.

Many desired phenotypes for producing cellulosic biofuels are often observed in industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. However, many industrial yeast strains are polyploid and have low spore viability, making it difficult to use these strains for metabolic engineering applications. We selected the polyploid industrial strain S.

Enhanced xylose fermentation by engineered yeast expressing NADH oxidase through high cell density inoculums.

Accumulation of reduced byproducts such as glycerol and xylitol during xylose fermentation by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae hampers the economic production of biofuels and chemicals from cellulosic hydrolysates. In particular, engineered S. cerevisiae expressing NADPH-linked xylose reductase (XR) and NAD-linked xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) produces substantial amounts of the reduced byproducts under anaerobic conditions due to the cofactor difference of XR and XDH.

Engineering and Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Produce Biofuels and Chemicals.

To mitigate global climate change caused partly by the use of fossil fuels, the production of fuels and chemicals from renewable biomass has been attempted. The conversion of various sugars from renewable biomass into biofuels by engineered baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is one major direction which has grown dramatically in recent years. As well as shifting away from fossil fuels, the production of commodity chemicals by engineered S.

Short communication: Conversion of lactose and whey into lactic acid by engineered yeast.

Lactose is often considered an unwanted and wasted byproduct, particularly lactose trapped in acid whey from yogurt production. But using specialized microbial fermentation, the surplus wasted acid whey could be converted into value-added chemicals. The baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly used for industrial fermentation, cannot natively ferment lactose.

Recycling Carbon Dioxide during Xylose Fermentation by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Global climate change caused by the emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) is a grand challenge to humanity. To alleviate the trend, the consumption of fossil fuels needs to be largely reduced and alternative energy technologies capable of controlling GHG emissions are anticipated. In this study, we introduced a synthetic reductive pentose phosphate pathway (rPPP) into a xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SR8 to achieve simultaneous lignocellulosic bioethanol production and carbon dioxide recycling.

Optimization of an acetate reduction pathway for producing cellulosic ethanol by engineered yeast.

Xylose fermentation by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing NADPH-linked xylose reductase (XR) and NAD -linked xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) suffers from redox imbalance due to cofactor difference between XR and XDH, especially under anaerobic conditions. We have demonstrated that coupling of an NADH-dependent acetate reduction pathway with surplus NADH producing xylose metabolism enabled not only efficient xylose fermentation, but also in situ detoxification of acetate in cellulosic hydrolysate through simultaneous co-utilization of xylose and acetate. In this study, we report the highest ethanol yield from xylose (0.

Lactose fermentation by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of fermenting cellobiose.

Lactose is an inevitable byproduct of the dairy industry. In addition to cheese manufacturing, the growing Greek yogurt industry generates excess acid whey, which contains lactose. Therefore, rapid and efficient conversion of lactose to fuels and chemicals would be useful for recycling the otherwise harmful acid whey.

GroE chaperonins assisted functional expression of bacterial enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Rapid advances in the capabilities of reading and writing DNA along with increasing understanding of microbial metabolism at the systems-level have paved an incredible path for metabolic engineering. Despite these advances, post-translational tools facilitating functional expression of heterologous enzymes in model hosts have not been developed well. Some bacterial enzymes, such as Escherichia coli xylose isomerase (XI) and arabinose isomerase (AI) which are essential for utilizing cellulosic sugars, cannot be functionally expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Metabolic Engineering of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii.

Saccharomyces boulardiiis a probiotic yeast that has been used for promoting gut health as well as preventing diarrheal diseases. This yeast not only exhibits beneficial phenotypes for gut health but also can stay longer in the gut than Saccharomyces cerevisiae Therefore, S. boulardiiis an attractive host for metabolic engineering to produce biomolecules of interest in the gut.

Lactic acid production from cellobiose and xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Efficient and rapid production of value-added chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is an important step toward a sustainable society. Lactic acid, used for synthesizing the bioplastic polylactide, has been produced by microbial fermentation using primarily glucose. Lignocellulosic hydrolysates contain high concentrations of cellobiose and xylose.

Combining C6 and C5 sugar metabolism for enhancing microbial bioconversion.

Mixed sugars, which are often obtained from renewable biomass, can be converted into biofuels and chemicals by microbial conversion. This sustainable production process can also mitigate man-made climate change when used to petroleum-based fuel and chemical production. In contrast to single sugar fermentations, such as corn-based or sugarcane-based ethanol fermentations, mixed sugar fermentations present significant challenges for cost-effective production of the target products.