Outer membrane permeability of mcr-positive bacteria reveals potent synergy of colistin and macromolecular antibiotics against colistin-resistant .

Colistin (CT) is the last-resort of antibiotic against multidrug-resistance (MDR) () infection. However, colistin resistance is increasingly reported in isolates partially due to the global emergence and dissemination of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance () gene and is a threat to human health. Thus, available treatment strategies urgently required in the fight against colistin-resistant .

Itaconate induces tolerance of to aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Introduction: is one of the chief pathogens that cause chronic and recurrent infections. Failure of the antibiotics to curb the infections contributes to relapse and is an important reason for the high mortality rate. Treatment failure may also be due to antibiotic tolerance.

A multiantigenic antibacterial nanovaccine utilizing hybrid membrane vesicles for combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Bacterial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, pose a significant threat to public health. Vaccines are a crucial tool in fighting these infections; however, no clinically available vaccine exists for the most common bacterial infections, such as those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Herein, a multiantigenic antibacterial nanovaccine (AuNP@HMV@SPs) is reported to combat P.

Assessment of the reversibility of resistance in the absence of antibiotics and its relationship with the resistance gene's fitness cost: a genetic study with mcr-1.

Background: The intensive use of antibiotics has resulted in strong natural selection for the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), but whether, and under what circumstances, the removal of antibiotics would result in a rapid reduction in AMR has been insufficiently explored. We aimed to test the hypothesis that in the simple, yet common, case of AMR conferred by a single gene, removing antibiotics would quickly reduce the prevalence of resistance if the AMR gene imposes a high fitness cost and costless resistance is extremely rare among its proximal mutants.

Methods: In this genetic study, to test our hypothesis, we used the mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli, which confers resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin, as a model.

Fight or flee, a vital choice for .

is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, causing billions of economic losses every year. Its symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon. Transmission and recurrence of infection (CDI) are mediated by the metabolically dormant spores, while the virulence of is mainly due to the two large clostridial toxins, TcdA and TcdB.

Global antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients within health facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregated participant data.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to the global healthcare system, presenting a major challenge to antimicrobial stewardship worldwide. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine the prevalence of AMR and antibiotic usage among COVID-19 patients receiving treatment in healthcare facilities.

High-throughput mutagenesis and screening approach for the identification of drug-resistant mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region of mycobacteria.

Rifampicin is the most powerful first-line antibiotic for tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although accumulating evidence from sequencing data of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates suggested that mutations in the rifampicin-resistance-determining region (RRDR) are strongly associated with rifampicin resistance, the comprehensive characterisation of RRDR polymorphisms that confer this resistance remains challenging.

A new variant of the colistin resistance gene MCR-1 with co-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics reveals a potential novel antimicrobial peptide.

The emerging and global spread of a novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene, mcr-1, threatens human health. Expression of the MCR-1 protein affects bacterial fitness and this cost correlates with lipid A perturbation. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear.

Arginine-Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Nanozymes against Gram-Negative Bacteria.

The continuous reduction of clinically available antibiotics has made it imperative to exploit more effective antimicrobial therapies, especially for difficult-to-treat Gram-negative pathogens. Herein, it is shown that the combination of an antimicrobial nanozyme with the clinically compatible basic amino acid L-arginine affords a potent treatment for infections with Gram-negative pathogens. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial nanozyme is dramatically increased by ≈1000-fold after L-arginine stimulation.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Hypervirulence Carbapenem-Resistant from Inpatients with Infection and Gut Colonization, China.

Background: The emergence and spread of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant (hv-CRKP) is a potential epidemiological threat that needs to be monitored. However, the transmission and pathogenic characteristics of hv-CRKP in China remain unclear. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of gut colonized hv-CRKP in a hospital in Guangdong Province, China.

Liposomes Co-Delivering Curcumin and Colistin to Overcome Colistin Resistance in Bacterial Infections.

Antibiotic colistin is the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections. Emergence of colistin resistance in microbes is a critical challenge. Herein, curcumin is discovered, for the first time, to reverse the resistance phenotype of colistin-resistant bacteria via a checkerboard assay.

Characterization of two multidrug-resistant harboring tigecycline-resistant gene (X4) in China.

Objectives: Tigecycline is recognized as one of the last-line antibiotics to treat serious bacterial infection caused by carbapenem-resistant (CRKP). The plasmid-borne gene (X4) mediates high resistance to tigecycline. However, the prevalence and genetic context of (X4) in from various sources are not fully understood.

Neutrophil-inspired photothermo-responsive drug delivery system for targeted treatment of bacterial infection and endotoxins neutralization.

Background: P. aeruginosa, a highly virulent Gram-negative bacterium, can cause severe nosocomial infections, and it has developed resistance against most antibiotics. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to treat such bacterial infection and reduce its toxicity caused by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS).

spore: coat assembly and formation.

() is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, toxin-producing, obligate anaerobic bacterium. infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infective diarrhoea. The infection is mediated by the spore, a metabolically inactive form of .

Differential Oral Microbial Input Determines Two Microbiota Pneumo-Types Associated with Health Status.

The oral and upper respiratory tracts are closely linked anatomically and physiologically with the lower respiratory tract and lungs, and the influence of oral and upper respiratory microbes on the lung microbiota is increasingly being recognized. However, the ecological process and individual heterogeneity of the oral and upper respiratory tract microbes shaping the lung microbiota remain unclear owing to the lack of controlled analyses with sufficient sample sizes. Here, the microbiomes of saliva, nasal cavity, oropharyngeal area, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples are profiled and the shaping process of multisource microbes on the lung microbiota is measured.

A CRISPR-guided mutagenic DNA polymerase strategy for the detection of antibiotic-resistant mutations in . .

A sharp increase in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) threatens human health. Spontaneous mutation in essential gene confers an ability of resistance to anti-TB drugs. However, conventional laboratory strategies for identification and prediction of the mutations in this slowly growing species remain challenging.

Outcomes and Risk Factors of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant and Non-Carbapenem-Resistant in China.

Purpose: To compare antimicrobial resistance, virulence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors between carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) and carbapenem-susceptible (CSKP) isolates from patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) in China.

Patients And Methods: The clinical data of 103 patients with BSI from 10 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15 antibiotics against the bacteria were determined.

Single-Fluorescence ATP Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Role of Antibiotic-Induced ATP Perturbation in Mycobacterial Killing.

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for treatment failure in patients with TB and significantly endangers global public health. Recently, bioenergetics has become a new paradigm for anti-TB drug discovery and is based on the link between bacterial ATP levels and drug efficacy. A better understanding of the role of ATP fluctuations during antibiotic treatment may provide insight into antibiotic-mediated killing of mycobacteria.

The Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant and Pathogenic ST42 Lineage of Staphylococcus haemolyticus from a Hospital in China.

Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen associated with hospital-acquired infections. However, the genetic diversity of among the patients and the hospital environment is largely unknown. Here, we isolated 311 strains from different sampling sites of patients and hospital environment.

Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Evolution by Growth Measurement of All Proximal Mutants of Beta-Lactamase.

The antibiotic resistance crisis continues to threaten human health. Better predictions of the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes could contribute to the design of more sustainable treatment strategies. However, comprehensive prediction of antibiotic resistance gene evolution via laboratory approaches remains challenging.