Hypoxia drives CBR4 down-regulation promotes gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors via activation mammalian target of rapamycin mediated by fatty acid synthase.

Hypoxia has been highly proven a hallmark of tumor micro-environment, promoting the malignant phenotypes, playing a crucial role from tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and intravasation to metastatic dissemination and outgrowth. Increasing evidence also showed that hypoxia mediated the abnormal lipid metabolism in cancer by regulating various oncogenic signal pathways. However, it is still unclear but attractive how hypoxia specifically functioned and changed the condition of the tumor micro-environment.

Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits hippocampal neuronal injury caused by mitochondrial oxidative stress in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) have been shown to effectively improve cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). One potential therapeutic strategy for AD is to prevent loss of adult hippocampal neurons. While recent studies have reported that GBE protects against oxidative stress in neurons, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Hypoxia upregulating ACSS2 enhances lipid metabolism reprogramming through HMGCS1 mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote the progression of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are relatively rare. Hypoxia and lipid metabolism-related gene acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is involved in tumor progression, but its role in pNENs is not revealed. This study showed that hypoxia can upregulate ACSS2, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pNENs through lipid metabolism reprogramming.

Serum Lipid Level in Evaluating Chinese Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (p-NENs) are relatively rare and highly heterogeneous. Dyslipidemia may be related to the risk of developing p-NENs, although dyslipidemia in patients with p-NENs is rarely reported. In this study, the clinical characteristics of p-NENs patients with different lipid levels and their prognostic value in p-NENs patients were evaluated.

Anti-VEGF Drugs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Focus on Dosing Regimen-Related Safety and Efficacy.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment and severe visual loss, and can progress to two advanced forms-neovascularization and atrophic. The field of anti-AMD drugs has undergone huge developments in recent years, from single-target intravitreal administration to current clinical studies with multi-target and non-invasive agents, offering interesting new pharmacological opportunities for the treatment of this disease. Hence, we summarize some of the approved anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for neovascular AMD, especially their structural characteristics, clinical manifestations, dosing regimens, and safety issues of the anti-VEGF drugs highlighted.

Efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for superficial esophageal circumferential lesions.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-tunnel dissection using hemostatic forceps and needle-type device for patients with esophageal circumferential lesions (ECLs). Patients with ECLs were enrolled in the study and underwent endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) or hemostatic forceps-based ESTD (ESFTD). All patients were divided into three subgroups according to longitudinal length of the lesions (LLLs): >8 cm, 4-8 cm and < 4 cm.

[Textual research on classical famous prescription Dajianzhong Decoction].

The classical famous prescription Dajianzhong Decoction is recorded in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has a long history and definite clinical effects, while this prescription has not been manufactured into Chinese patent medicine preparation. We collected many ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by using the method of bibliometrics and got 211 valid data terms which involved 67 ancient books.

Diagnosis and treatment of a small intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm by double balloon enteroscopy combined with laparoscopy: a case report.

We report the case of a jejunum neuroendocrine neoplasm with liver metastases, the lesion showed somatostatin receptor expression in the junction of duodenum and jejunum without enlarged lymph nodes in 68Ga-DOTA-NOC PET/CT scan, definitive diagnosis and treatment depend on double-balloon enteroscopy and laparoscopy. This is a meaningful and thought-provoking process.

Distinct Serum and Fecal Metabolite Profiles Linking With Gut Microbiome in Older Adults With Frailty.

Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome but the underlying metabolic mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and reveal potential mechanisms of frailty based on the integrated analysis of metabolome and gut microbiome. In this study, twenty subjects consisted of five middle-aged adults and fifteen older adults, of which fifteen older subjects were divided into three groups: non-frail, pre-frail, and frail, with five subjects in each group.

Cardioprotective Properties of Extract 80 the Activation of AKT/GSK3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Elderly people are more likely to experience myocardial infarction (MI) than young people, with worse post-MI mortality and prognosis. extract 50 (GBE50) is an oral GBE product that matches the German product, EGb761, which has been used to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The extraction purity of GBE50 was improved to form a new formulation, extract 80 (GBE80).

ADAM17 Mediates Hypoxia-Induced Keratinocyte Migration via the p38/MAPK Pathway.

Although hypoxia has been shown to promote keratinocyte migration and reepithelialization, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. ADAM17, a member of the metalloproteinase superfamily, has been implicated in a variety of cellular behaviors such as proliferation, adhesion, and migration. ADAM17 is known to promote cancer cell migration under hypoxia, and whether or how ADAM17 plays a role in hypoxia-induced keratinocyte migration has not been identified.

[Review of classical prescription Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction].

Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction is one of the first 100 classical prescriptions published by China in 2018. According to the published literature, it was found that there is no review on the history, evolution and research progress of this prescription. In order to reflect the history, modifications, quality control and clinical applications, this paper focuses on the origination, evolution, current development and modern studies of Ganjiang Lingzhu Decoction, in the hope of providing a reference for the heritage and innovation of other classical prescriptions.

Polarization of ADAM17-driven EGFR signalling in electric field-guided collective migration of epidermal sheets.

Endogenous electric field is considered to play an important role in promoting collective migration of epidermis to the wound centre. However, most studies are focused on the effect of bioelectric field on the movement and migration of single epithelial cell; the molecular mechanisms about collective migration of epidermal monolayers remain unclear. Here, we found that EFs dramatically promoted the collective migration of HaCaT cells towards the anode, activated the sheddase activity of ADAM17 and increased the phosphorylation level of EGFR.

Disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual diagnosed with gastrointestinal endoscopy: a case report.

Background: Histoplasmosis is one of the invasive fungal infections and presents with symptoms mainly in the lungs. Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is rare and its lesions in the gastrointestinal tract are even uncommon. The concomitant involvement of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract has never been described in the immunocompetent individuals.

Changes of Extravascular Lung Water as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Early Developed ARDS in Severely Burned Patients.

An important feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is fluid lost into the interstitium of lung combined with its compromised reabsorption, resulting in the elevation of extravascular lung water (EVLW). Although ARDS is known as an early, common, and life-threatening complication in major burns, the issue of whether or how the EVLW index (EVLWI) correlates with its prognosis has not been identified yet. In this retrospectively study, 121 severely burned adults with ARDS occurred in 2 weeks postburn were analyzed and divided into two groups: survivors (73 patients) and nonsurvivors (48 patients) according to the 28-day outcome after injury.

Octreotide-Conjugated Core-Cross-Linked Micelles with pH/Redox Responsivity Loaded with Etoposide for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Therapy and Bioimaging with Photoquenching Resistance.

The study of multifunctional polymer micelles combined with chemotherapy due to reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced efficacy has attracted intensive attention. Herein, a multifunctional core-cross-linked hybrid micelle system based on mPEG- b-PGu(BA-TPE) and OCT-PEG- b-PGu(DA-TPE) with pH- and redox-triggered drug release and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active imaging has been developed for active targeting of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), especially neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) with poor prognosis. These micelles showed excellent biocompatibility and stability.

CD9 regulates keratinocyte migration by negatively modulating the sheddase activity of ADAM17.

CD9 is a trans-membrane protein, and has recently been implicated in different physiological and cellular processes, such as cell migration and adhesion. According to previous study, down-regulation of CD9 contributes to keratinocyte migration, critical for wound re-epithelialization. Nevertheless, it is widely believed that tetraspanin CD9 does not have ligands or function as the cell surface receptor, rather it is thought to associate with other transmembrane molecules, thereby mediate keratinocyte migration.

Risk factors and the associated limit values for abnormal elevation of extravascular lung water in severely burned adults.

Background: Increased extravascular lung water (EVLW) correlates with pulmonary morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), which reflects the degree of EVLW in an individual, increases in the fluid reabsorption stage rather than the initial resuscitation stage in severe burn cases. While many factors contribute to EVLWI variation, the risk factors contributing to its abnormal elevation in severe burns remain unclear.

The Superior Anticancer Effect of Self-Assembled Paclitaxel Nanofibers is Mediated Through Co-Operation Between Enhanced Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death.

Paclitaxel (Ptx) has been recommended as one of the main components of first-line chemotherapy for gastric cancer. However, the side effects of Ptx have greatly limited its clinical application because of its poor solubility and emerging resistance. In the current study, we designed novel self-assembled Ptx nanofibers with extremely high drug loading efficiency through conjugation of Ptx with succinic acid (sa), resulting in self-assembled nanofibers without the need for additional polymeric carriers.

Cyclooxygenase-2 mediated synergistic effect of ursolic acid in combination with paclitaxel against human gastric carcinoma.

Ursolic acid (UA) induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Paclitaxel (PTX) is an important chemotherapy agent used to treat solid tumors. We evaluated the antitumor activity of UA in combination with PTX against gastric cancer cells and investigated the mechanisms underlying the combined effects.

[Effect of FTY720 on glomerulosclerosis and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in subtotally nephrectomized rats].

Objective: To study the effect of FTY720 on glomerulosclerosis and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in subtotal nephrectomized rats.

Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into sham-operation group, glomerulosclerosis model group and FTY720 treated glomerulosclerosis group with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy.