Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and primary ovarian failure: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in a mixed-gender cohort.

Background: The causal relationship between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and primary ovarian failure (POF) remains uncertain. To elucidate this relationship, we employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with JIA were obtained from a previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS), while the pooled data for POF originated from the FinnGen consortium.

Tunable bilateral unidirectional transmissions in a grating and photonic crystal hybrid structure.

In this work, bilateral unidirectional transmissions (UDTs) with opposite transmission directions in one hybrid structure are realized using two different resonant mechanisms. The hybrid structure consists of a dielectric grating and a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) with a defect sandwiched at its center. One resonant mode is the defect mode of the PC enabling one UDT for one transmission direction.