Global burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 1990-2019.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases (COCLDs).

Aim: To conduct a comprehensive and comparable updated analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of COCLDs due to NAFLD in 204 countries and territories from 1990 and 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index.

Methods: Data on COCLDs due to NAFLD were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019.

The non-contact-based determination of the membrane permeability to water and dimethyl sulfoxide of cells virtually trapped in a self-induced micro-vortex.

The cell-membrane permeabilities of a cell type toward water () and cryoprotective agents () provide crucial cellular information for achieving optimal cryopreservation in the biobanking industry. In this work, cell membrane permeability was successfully determined directly visualizing the transient profile of the cell volume change in response to a sudden osmotic gradient instantaneously applied between the intracellular and extracellular environments. A new micro-vortex system was developed to virtually trap the cells of interest in flow-driven hydrodynamic circulation passively formed at the expansion region in a microfluidic channel, where trapped cells remain in suspension and flow with the streamline of the localized vortex, involving no physical contact between cells and the device structure; furthermore, this supports a pragmatic assumption of 100% sphericity and allows for the calculation of the active surface area of the cell membrane for estimating the actual cell volume from two-dimensional images.

Assessment of therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine against falciparum malaria in an outbreak area in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.

Objective: To investigate the failure of treatment with chloroquine in Yunnan in order to help formulate adequate antimalarial drug policy.

Methods: A World Health Organization 28-day in vivo test on therapeutic response for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in area with low or moderate transmission was adopted. Patients of age > or = 6 months old were admitted without limitation in density of parasitaemia and body temperature.